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Buddhist Literature: A Proposed Scheme Of Classification And Cataloguing Of Works On Buddhism Modeled On The Buddhist Collection At Van Hanh University Library,

1964 - 1999 

 

Compiled and edited by

Huynh Phac - Thich Nhu Minh

Librarian-in-charge

Institute of Buddhist Studies of Vietnam 


 

February 2001 

 
 


 Contents 

 

Acknowledgment 7

Introduction 9

SECTION A

Chapter I :  Definition 15

Chapter II : Cataloguing 26

Chapter III : Classification 31

Proposed Classification Scheme  

For Buddhist Libraries 36

* first summary 

the ten main classes 36 

* second summary 

the hundred divisions 36 

* third summary  

the thousand sections 39

Chapter IV : Subject Headings 51

Suggested Subject Headings 51

SECTION B

Reference Works 61

The Tripitaka Collections 101

History of Buddhist Development 134

Buddhist Philosophy 215

Religious Aspects 285

Theravadin Buddhism 339

The Rise and Development of Mahayana Buddhism 354

Buddhist Art 410

Buddhist Language and Literature 419

Comparative Studies 423

APPENDIX l : Bibliography of Buddhism in French 441

APPENDIX 2: Bibliography of Buddhism in Vietnamese 469

Bibliography 567

Index 571 

 


 

Acknowledgment 

It could be said that my career as an academic began with my admission as freshman in 1974 to Van Hanh Buddhist University, forerunner of the present-day Institute of Buddhist Studies of Vietnam in HCM City, Vietnam. Then, I studied under the guidance of the Most Venerable Dr.Thich Minh Chau, Rector of the University, now the Institute. Over the years, Dr.Thich Minh Chau has not only guided me through various subject fields in Buddhist Studies but has also constantly encouraged and supported me, academically and spiritually, to develop and exhort my intellect to the utmost. Again, it could be said and repeated that without him, I might not have ascended to professional positions as Lecturer in Sanskrit and as Chief Librarian which I hold today. The compilation of this bibliography on Buddhist Studies is to prove that I am worthy of his trust and support, and thus, is dedicated to the Most Venerable Thich Minh Chau as a token of my gratitude to his effort and guidance.

I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Le Manh That who taught me Sanskrit in 1974-1977 and who has remained my mentor ever since. It was from his method of teaching a very difficult subject such as Sanskrit that I was drawn to learn more and hence become a lecturer of Sanskrit myself. He is the source of inspiration for my academic as well as my spiritual life. To him, a few words of thanks are not necessary and are not adequate enough to express my highest regard.

Venerable Thich Nu Tri Hai, one of my predecessors in Library Services, is my senior colleague to whom I am grateful for her kind and obliging advice during my office at the Van Hanh Buddhist University Library. Her humble attitude with regard to her thorough knowledge of Buddhist Studies sets an example for many, academicians as well as students, to ameliorate in this subject.

I am indebted to many Buddhist scholars worldwide, such as Kenneth K. Tanaka, Charles Prebish, Charles Mueller, Urs Apps, Robert Bushwell, and so on,  who have provided me, through the Internet, with an inexhaustible source of information on the availability of bibliographies on Buddhist Studies, and whom I have not had a chance to meet in person. To them, I would like to express my thankful acknowledgment.

It should also be mentioned that Dr. Norman Henteleff, Academic Dean, and Dr. Eric Heckscher, Dean of Education, School of Cultural and Educational Community, Pacific Western University, USA and Rev. Dr. Budden Gyoshi, Independent Research Scholar, have helped provide me with various facilities to complete this dissertation with speed and ease. I wish to express my deepest thankfulness to them, as well as to the supporting staff of Pacific Western University. 

Last but not least, is my friend Chon Thuan who has carefully looked after me during my visit to USA and thus helped me learn a great deal about the source of information mentioned above. To him, my sincere appreciation. I would like also to thank Miss Doan Thanh Huong for her tireless work in typing and checking mistakes in my thesis.

It is, however, my sole responsibility for the final edition of this work. 

California, February 9, 2001

HUYNH PHAC - THICH NHU MINH

Introduction 

This present work is the result of the many hardworking librarians who were my predecessors, in office from the inception of the Van Hanh University Library in 1964 until its fully organized development in 1975. However, as the first library of its kind in Vietnam, my predecessors lacked the resources to classify and catalogue the library materials for their full use. The materials were merely listed on cataloguing cards that only recorded the author’s name; titles and most subjects were often not determined and unfortunately thus irretrievable. The library scheme was based on the Dewey classification scheme with modifications to suit a library of Buddhist literature; however, because there was no trained staff in this field, books were misplaced due to technical processing as well as due to shelving errors. Then, Van Hanh University, due to various circumstances, was renamed the Research Institute of Buddhist Studies, and its library was closed to the public. My Master, the Most Ven. Dr. Thich Minh Chau, Rector of the University, has tried with his utmost might to save the library resources when the Institute, of which Thich Minh Chau remains Rector, moved to its present location. In 1976, I was appointed Librarian with the task of preserving the University/Institute Collection - henceforth the Van Hanh Collection - a position I continue to hold.

During my service, the Van Hanh Collection has not grown much. In fact, there are signs of disintegration due to neglect, theft, misappropriation and the loss of many valuable and irreplaceable materials. In an effort to preserve all the materials that have been collected since 1964, I am trying to make use of various sources to classify and catalogue them with the hope that this work can also serve as a model for other libraries of Buddhist literature that currently exist all across Vietnam.

The libraries specializing in Buddhist studies, there again exist very few in number. While some of them hold a large number of academic and research works, some may consist of only a few books, information pamphlets or bulletins. To my knowledge, none – including the Van Hanh Collection – have been properly classified and catalogued. As there is a need for a feasible scheme to inventory all works on Buddhist studies, it is hoped that my project will neither be a waste nor my efforts in vain.

In compiling this work on Classification and Cataloguing, I have had to devise rules and solutions that are uniquely applicable for a Vietnamese library. It means that, though the resource materials may be in languages other than Vietnamese, the library staff and its readers are Vietnamese. With the aims of helping both the library staff and the readers in mind, I am trying to write as simply and practically as possible, defying lengthy and theoretical discussions and focusing on systematic matters only.

As mentioned above, no specific scheme has yet been applied to a library of Buddhist materials. Presently, there are two universal schemes of Classification for use world wide: the Dewey and the Library of Congress; neither of them has a place for Buddhism proper. The Dewey (Decimal) scheme treats Buddhism as a small section of Indian religion which again is of the last division of the “200 Religion Class”. This is the place of Buddhism according to Dewey:

290 Comparative religion & other religions

294 Brahmanism

294.1 Vedic religion

294.2 Pre-Buddhist Brahmanism

294.3 Buddhism

Worse still, the Library of Congress does not even designate a distinct subject area for Buddhism. Materials on Buddhism are classified among other major fields. Yet, this scheme has been preferred by most libraries for reasons that all books on Buddhism can be accommodated anywhere, though end up scattered everywhere in a library. However, this scheme is also used for the simple and practical fact that it has provided a ready-made set of cataloguing cards for books acquired, thus saving those libraries many monetary expenses in technical processing for these books.

I have also known of the Indian Colon scheme, which is the most logical and easily applicable, but it is neither widely used nor supported by any major American libraries due to cultural preferences. Furthermore, I have in my possession a library scheme devised for use in religious libraries, namely: “Classification of the Library of Union Theological Seminary; prepared by Julia Pettee”, but this classification provides only six subject headings for Christianity and uses a combination of letters that is both complicated and impractical for library users, therefore there is no need for further discussion.

As far as I know, there is no universal classification scheme for a library specializing in Buddhist studies. Japanese Universities have their own sectional scheme for Buddhism, but unfortunately I do not have access to any of them. Therefore, I have had to devise a scheme for practical use at the Van Hanh University collection on Buddhist Studies and related subjects, and hope that this scheme can also be applicable to other libraries of the same nature as well.

There remain the big two schemes already mentioned: the Dewey (also known as Decimal Classification) and the Library of Congress. I prefer to modify the Dewey scheme for the classification of materials on Buddhism, for the following reasons:

1) The decimal classification would cover all major classes for books and other non-book materials on Buddhism; it may also provide an area for non-Buddhist books (albeit a small one);

2) The mnemonics system is practical in helping librarians to classify and readers to locate the books easily;

3) Buddhism covers many subject fields, such as Philosophical, Religious, Social, Scientific, Historical aspects, Literature and Arts, etc. The amount of literature increases at an incredible pace every day and deserves a proper location of its own.

For these reasons, I am trying to modify this Decimal Classification for use in a library specializing in Buddhism and Buddhist studies and this scheme will be discussed properly in chapter III of Section A.

This thesis will be divided into 2 sections:

A. Section A consists of 4 chapters:

1. Chapter I : Definition; scope of this work.

2. Chapter II : Cataloguing

3. Chapter III.: Classification

4. Chapter IV: Subject Headings

B. Section B will comprise a bibliography of materials (book and non-book on Buddhist studies and related subjects) that will be determined in chapter III of Section A.

In compiling section B – Bibliography of Materials on Buddhist Studies – , my aim is to preserve the Vietnamese Buddhist heritage that has been maintained by my predecessors, and at the same time to collect and compile a comprehensive bibliography of works published after 1975 when the teaching staff and students of Van Hanh Buddhist University, a tertiary level institute of research, had no means to learn of their existence.

Recently, progress in electro-technology has advanced to a stage where I do not even need to have a book at hand to determine its content and subject/s, and I deliberately take advantage of this progress to retrieve a mine of information from the internet, under headings such as “Buddhism and Buddhist Studies”, “Zen and Ch’an”, “Madhyamika”, and numerous other aspects of a philosophy/religion called Buddhism. This I consider to be a treasure trove for those who are eager to learn but who are unaware of what there is to offer. For the sake of helping such individuals grasp a fair idea what is available, especially in the last two decades during which time works on Buddhism of all traditions – research, academic, and also popular – are booming at incredible pace, and because Buddhist bibliographies on the Internet – mostly compiled according to subject areas – are offered by well-intentioned compilers for free use, I take advantage of this opportunity to include and integrate these bibliographies with that of the Van Hanh Library collection, with modified descriptions where necessary.

As a rule, bibliographies do not include abstracts or comments about the works listed. However, I find that abstracts or comments within the scope of a bibliography can be very useful for librarian/s to determine what should be acquired for the library; therefore, I retain most if not all such remarks. I also would like to hereby offer my sincere thanks and acknowledgment to the compilers of bibliographies retrieved from the Internet whose names I esteem, but whom I have had no chance to meet.

By the same token, I have deliberately retained Introductory notes at the beginning of many subject sections that I believe will be very helpful, not only for librarians, but also for academic readers –Vietnamese, of course- to realize the research value of scholarship in the Western world. A note would be added here that, as a rule, a library does not catalogue “Articles” as they – articles of general subjects- are compiled in reference works of same nature. However, with regard to Buddhist Studies, Articles on this subject have been appearing at a tremendous pace recently, while there is a paucity of reference works dedicated to referencing them; those published are already outdated and irregular to be of any help. Therefore, once again I try to include most of the articles – listed by authors – especially when they are worthy of note for the purpose of this bibliography: to help librarians and readers, researchers, academics, students, etc. to be informed of their availability as much as possible.

Scope of This Thesis 

The previous pages describe some difficulties that face a librarian of Buddhist collections in Vietnam, if not in Asia as a whole. The examples given in these pages pave the way for the scope of this work: technical processing of a material, be it in book or non-book format (such as hi-tech devices) is illustrated to help train a worker in such a library to be efficient, competent and qualified as a professional in library services. This is expanded upon in the following chapter (chapter II), regarding the role of a cataloguer who should be aware of his/her duties and have thorough knowledge of a Classification Scheme (chapter III) especially designed for a Buddhist Library as well as its comprehensive Subject Headings (chapter IV) so as to serve the library’s clientele more effectively. This outlines the scope of this thesis which also includes, in section B, a Bibliography of a Buddhist Collection and concludes with a list of Reference Sources.  
 

SECTION A

Chapter I

DEFINITION 

1) CATALOGUING: To describe the physical aspect of a book, that is to say, its author, its title and its subject. The author may be one or many; the title may include a sub-title and the subject may involve one single issue or as many as the author likes to embark on. Therefore, there are 3 steps to catalogue a book:

a. Determine its author/s

b. Determine its title

c. Determine its subject/s. 

A. Determining the author of a work: A book can be as simple as the following:

Example 1 :

Mindfulness in plain English, [by] Venerable Henepola Gunaratana. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1991.

Here, we have “Venerable Henepola Gunaratana” as the book’s author, “Mindfulness in plain English” as the title and its subject is “Mindfulness.” However, as simple as it appears, there is already a problem. For example, Venerable is a honorific title, not part of the author’s name. Therefore, the author’s name, when recorded, should be as follows:

Gunaratana, Henepola, Venerable.

This practice follows strictly with general rules for cataloguing. The same applies to other appellations or honorific titles such as “Bhikkhu”, or “Bhiksu”, “Sramana”, “Thera”, “Maha Thera”, etc. 

B. The book’s title has no problem; it is simple, straightforward and has no subtitle. 

C. The subject of this book is on mindfulness, a sub-subject of another broader subject, that is, meditation; and mindfulness is a technique of another meditative method called Vipassana. So, it is safe to record the subjects of this book as: Mindfulness, Meditation-Buddhism, Vipassana.

In brief, the record of this work will appear on the main catalog card as such: 

 

Gunaratana, Henepola, Venerable

Mindfulness in plain English, [by] Venerable Henepola Gunaratana. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1991. 

1. Mindfulness. 2. Meditation-Buddhism. 3. Vipassana.

I. Title 

 

2) PROCESSING: After cataloguing this book, it will be passed over to the technical process. The section or person in charge will read this main cataloguing card and know that it requires 5 cards:

1: This main card, serving as the author card in the main catalog;

2, 3 & 4 : Three subject cards, recorded as no. 1, 2, 3 on the main card;

5: One title card.

And they will appear as follows:

Title card: 

Mindfulness in plain English

Gunaratana, Henepola, Venerable

Mindfulness in plain English, [by] Venerable Henepola Gunaratana. Boston, Wisdom Publications, 1991.

1. Mindfulness 2. Meditation-Buddhism 3. Vipassana

I. Title 

Subject card 1: 

Mindfulness

Gunaratana, Henepola, Venerable

Mindfulness in plain English, [by] Venerable Henepola Gunaratana. Boston, Wisdom Publications, 1991. 

1. Mindfulness 2. Meditation-Buddhism 3. Vipassana

I. Title 

Subject card 2: 

Meditation-Buddhism

Gunaratana, Henepola, Venerable

Mindfulness in plain English, [by] Venerable Henepola Gunaratana. Boston, Wisdom Publications, 1991. 

1. Mindfulness 2. Meditation-Buddhism

3. Vipassana I. Title 

Subject card 3:

Vipassana

Gunaratana, Henepola, Venerable

Mindfulness in plain English, [by] Venerable Henepola Gunaratana. Boston, Wisdom Publications, 1991.

1. Mindfulness 2. Meditation-Buddhism

3. Vipassana I. Title

When filing the cards in the cataloguing drawers for references (or public uses) the card filer simply files them by the first word of the first line.

The following is a more complicated issue that faces Vietnamese, if not also Asian libraries in China or Japan. 

Example 2: 

 

Nanjio Bunyiu, ed.

A Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka; the Sacred Canon of the Buddhists in China and Japan. [Ñaïi Minh Tam taïng Thaùnh giaùo muïc luïc]. Compiled by Bunyiu Nanjio. Oxford: Clarendon, 1883. 

1. Tripitaka-China. 2. Tripitaka-Japan. I. Title.

II. Title: The Sacred Canon of the Buddhists in China and Japan. 

 

This entry requires many additional cross references, “see” and “see also”¹ Because Bunyiu Nanjio is read in Vietnamese as Nam Dieu Van Hung; same as its title in Vietnamese is Dai Minh Tam tang Thanh giao muc luc; therefore we shall have these “see” cards in case Vietnamese readers know only of this work by its Vietnamese transliteration.

a. Nam Dieu Van Hung, see Nanjio Bunyiu

b. Dai Minh Tam tang Thanh giao muc luc, see Nanjio Bunyiu

c. Dai Minh Tam tang Thanh giao muc luc, see also Tam tang kinh

In this way, we have the cards shown as follows: 

There are plenty of such cases, regarding the collection that mostly consists of Chinese and Japanese works.

3. CATALOGUING OF ASIAN NAMES, especially Vietnamese, Chinese and Japanese: Bunyiu Nanjio is Japanese; by tradition it is written with the surname first followed by the given name without a coma separating the two like in Western practice. The reason is that each name, comprising a surname and a given name - or a compound given name in case of Chinese and Vietnamese - has a meaning in its language, and it is written without a coma in its own writing system. For this reason, we should respect that custom and extend this application to Chinese and Vietnamese names. For example: Nakamura Hajime (Japanese), Li Yun-fang (Chinese), Tran Nhan tong (Vietnamese).

a. Regarding Vietnamese names, written in the same way as Japanese and Chinese names, that is the surname followed by a given name without a coma separating them, I suggest and insist that Vietnamese names should be recorded without a coma, contrary to the universal cataloguing system. For example: 

should appear as such:

Le Manh That

and not:

Le, Manh That

nor:  That, Le Manh

as in the case of his 1974 Ph.D. thesis “The Philosophy of Vasubandhu”, which was recorded in the Library of the University of Wisconsin at Madison or the Library of the University Microfilm Inc.², and sorted in alphabetical order by the second, that is middle, or actually compound given name. Thus the order in which to file Vietnamese names in the catalog cabinet will be as follows:

i. Le Thai To

ii. Le Thanh Ton

iii. Ly Bon

iv. Ly Thuong Kiet

v. Nguyen Trai

vi. Tran Nhan tong

vii. Tran Thai Tong, etc.

b. Regarding Buddhist names in the Vietnamese tradition; because all monastics take the word “Thich”, a shortened form of “Thich Ca” which means “Sakya”, as their surname to indicate that they of “sons of Sakyamuni the Buddha” and belong to the same family clan named “Thich”, we have to honor this practice. That is to say, to accept “Thich” as a surname and record it as such in the cataloguing process. Some argue that in this case, there will be too many entries under “Thich”, and that may cause confusion and complications. I do not believe that this should be a problem. In America, for example, there are too many “Browns”, “Smiths” and “Jones”, yet the Yellow Pages have not made any mistake by listing them, sometimes 10 pages long. Therefore, because people know of the Zen Masters Thich Thanh Tu, Thich Thien Sieu, or Thich Minh Chau by these forms, and are always written in this way, we will have to record their works as follows, regarding their names:

a. Thich Minh Chau

b. Thich Thanh Tu

c. Thich Thien Sieu

Current practice treating this religious surname “Thich” as an appellation or honorific title, like “Bhiksu” or “MahaThera” reflects an incorrect understanding of the Vietnamese Buddhist tradition. Likewise with the Chinese monastic surname “Shih”, from which the Vietnamese derives.

I am fully aware that my recommendation of treating “Thich” as a surname is not in compliance with the general rule and practice in bibliographical records or in library catalogues, but the fact remains that “Thich” is meant as the surname for any Buddhist monk since the time of Tao-an (312-385), the inventor of this tradition, although modern scholarship always records his name simply as “Tao-an”, without being preceded by “Shih”.

Example 3:

a) Thich Thanh Tu : 

b) Thich Minh Chau: 

On this matter of monastic names, we also should mention names of Ch’an masters or patriarchs; they are often known by their religious name preceded by the place where they resided. For example: 1. Ho-tse Shen-hui (684-758); 2. Kuei-feng Tsung-mi (780-841); 3. Lin-chi I-hsuan (d. 867); 4. Chiang-hsi Tao-i (709-788); 5. Tz’u-en K’uei-chi (632-682) (of the Vijnõaptivaøda or Consciousness-Only school).

In the first two cases, both masters are known by their names as Shen-hui and Tsung-mi respectively. In these cases, a “see” reference from Ho-tse Shen-hui and Kuei-feng Tsung-mi to Shen-hui and Tsung-mi are necessary.

1. Ho-tse Shen-hui, see Shen-hui

2. Kuei-feng Tsung-mi, see Tsumg-mi

The same problem, but this time in reverse, is the case of Lin-chi I-hsuan who is known as Lin-chi, not I-hsuan; what is even more surprising is that, he is much better known as Rinzai in Japan. In this case, which part or which language of the name should be adopted? We can see the usefulness of cross references, but in practice this will cause more troubles for the reader. Again, we have:

I-hsuan, see Lin-chi, or Rinzai? Because:

Rinzai see Lin-chi

or

Lin-chi see Rinzai.

That is up to the librarian to decide, with regards to the practicality of a particular library and its users.

Case no. 4 is more complicated: Ch’an patriarch Tao-i, residing at Chiang-hsi and listed in Ch’an charts as Chiang-hsi Tao-i, but he is much better known as Ma-tsu and rarely mentioned by scholars as Tao-i. In this case, the librarian will have a difficult task of choosing which name to be recorded and to make “see” references for the other names. That is, should this master’s name be recorded as Tao-i or as Ma-tsu? If he is recorded as Tao-i, which is recommended, then a “see” reference card is need for Ma-tsu to guide readers who look up the latter name back to the former one. Another “see” reference from Chiang-hsi to Tao-i is also necessary. Here, we have:

3. i. Chiang-hsi Tao-i, see Ma-tsu

or:

ii. Tao-i, see Ma-tsu

?

Case no. 5 requires the librarian’s choice between Tz’u-en and K’uei-chi as the master, considered to be the founder of the Fa-hsiang school in China, and who is equally well-known by both these names, without preference.

Furthermore, we should be reminded that this work is intended primarily for use in Vietnamese Buddhist libraries. Then, those names are better known in their Vietnamese spelling. So, should librarians register their names in Vietnamese or in the forms known more popularly by Western readers?

For example:

i. Lam Te, see Lin-chi

ii. Hoang-Ba Hi-Van, see Huang-po Hsi-yun

or:

iii. Lin-chi, see Lam Te Nghia Huyen

iv. Rinzai, see Lam Te Nghia Huyen

v. Huang-po Hsi-yun, see Hoang Ba Hi Van

c. Regarding Title of Buddhist Texts:

One problem that arises in cataloguing the works of the Buddhist Canon, which consists of Sutras, Vinaya and Abhidharma, is that their originals are either in Sanskrit or in Pali, then translated into Chinese, Japanese, Tibetan (not to mention Vietnamese), etc., so that one title can be looked up in different languages. One typical illustration is that the “Buddhist Canon”, which in its original form is: Tripitaka in Sanskrit or Tipitaka in Pali; then the “Three Baskets” in English, or San-tsang, Ta-tsang, Ta Tsang ching, etc. Which form should be used?

Again, as for a particular Buddhist text (sutra), we have for example: the “Lotus Sutra” in English, which is also known as “The Lotus of the Wonderful Law”, standing for its original title as “Saddharmapundarika-sutra”, or “Phap Hoa kinh” in Vietnamese, a shortened form of the “Dieu phap Lien hoa kinh” or “Miao-fa Lien-hua ching” in Chinese, etc.

To eliminate all confusions that arise from the translation of Buddhist texts into various languages, it is preferred if their original titles, in Sanskrit or in Pali, are recorded, followed by the language that they are translated into. For example:

1. Saddharmapundarika-sutra – Vietnamese

Kinh Dieu Phap Lien Hoa

2. Saddharmapundarika-sutra – English

The Lotus sutra

3. Saddharmapundarika-sutra – Chinese

Miao-fa Lien-hua ching

Another example:

1. Visuddhimagga – English

Path of Purification

2. Visuddhimagga – Vietnamese

Thanh tinh dao luan.

3. Visuddhimagga- French

Voie de Purification.

Then “see” or “see also” references will be applied as the case may be in practice. I should mention here that when a book’s title is quoted as a title per se, it will be in italics, conforming with normal practice, but when demonstrated as in a catalogue card, it appears unitalicized.

4. DETERMINING THE BOOK SUBJECT HEADING/S: This will be discussed in chapter IV on Subject Headings. 

 
Chapter II 

CATALOGUING 

As mentioned earlier, this thesis will be used as one of various teaching resources to train workers in my country – Vietnam – to become competent in the field of Buddhist Studies, i.e. to work in and offer efficient services in a Specialized Library called the Buddhist Library. With the advancement of hi-tech devices and resources such as the Internet, I consider myself very fortunate to be able to retrieve an unlimited range of subjects from the Net concerning Library Science in general and Cataloguing in particular. I would like to share this fortune with my future students and readers; henceforth, I am including herewith basic elements of Library Science of which Cataloguing forms an essential part. I would like to express my sincerest thanks to the writers quoted in this chapter and assure them that their brainy works will benefit many librarians in the field of a Special Library in Buddhist Studies, at least in my country, Vietnam. 

1. VALUE OF INFORMATION IN LIBRARY CATALOGUES ³

“Information is data (numeric and text) that is organized and imbued with purpose. When data is given within a context it becomes information. The intent of information is to ‘inform.’ The value of a library is found in its collection of information resources. A library creates a catalog of bibliographic records as a finding aid to assist users in discovering what information resources are located within the library.

It is quite clear that valuable information is contained in the books and other materials of a library’s collection. However, the information is difficult to retrieve without the added value brought to the library’s collection by the process of organizing and describing it (cataloguing) so that the user is able to locate the desired item or source of electronic information. This involves organizing principles, classification, cataloguing, shelving and storage guidelines.”

The foregoing passages are taken from Joe Matthews’s work, retrieved from the Internet. Acknowledgment to Matthews’ informative idea is duly mentioned herewith. In this chapter, we will deal with Cataloguing alone. 

2. WHAT IS CATALOGUING? ⁴

Library cataloguing is the practice of organizing a collection of bibliographic items to facilitate their identification, location, access, and use. Perhaps the simplest way to do this is to organize the items themselves, creating an “item file” by arranging papers in a filing cabinet or books on a shelf. This method works well for small collections, but for large collections, more elaborate means are needed. The principal method for organizing larger collections is to develop a Catalog.

A Catalog consists of a set of entries, each of which stands for an item in the collection and which describes certain characteristics of the item, such as its author, title, publisher, subjects, and so on. The catalog is itself a collection standing for items in the primary collection; hence it must be arranged as well. There is a highly articulated set of strategies for organizing catalogs, e.g. alphabetically by author and/or by subject. Current cataloguing practices involve both strategies. Surrogates are created for the items and arranged in a catalog. The items themselves are also arranged, e.g. books are placed “linearly” on the shelves of a library’s stacks. This is typically accomplished via a classification scheme, such as the Library of Congress Classification (LCC) or the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), in which a hierarchy of possible subjects is given a linear ordering and each subject is given its place on the shelves. This means that an item’s call number not only specifies an item’s location in the stacks but also collocates it with other items that address the same putative topic.

A distinction is made between two types of cataloguing activity, both of which are practiced to catalog a particular item: descriptive cataloguing and subject cataloguing. Descriptive cataloguing is concerned with creating catalog records for items, describing their characteristics as just noted – author, title, and so on. Subject cataloguing is concerned with classifying the subject matter, that is to say, the intellectual content of an item.

It is the subject cataloguer who assigns an item to a class within a classification scheme which in turn determines a place on the shelf.

A distinction is also made between bibliographies and catalogs. Both of these in practice describe items. The difference is that a bibliography describes works and editions of works, but not actual physical items. A catalog, by contrast, primarily describes particular, physical items in a particular collection. It does this partly by describing aspects of a work (e.g. title and author), as does a bibliography, and partly by indicating physical properties, including its location by giving it a call number.

The development of systematically organized catalogs and cataloguing procedures is a product of the modern library era, which dates from the second half of the last century. Book catalogs (lists of entries bound in book form) were the first kind used in the U.S.; these began to be replaced by the familiar card catalogs around the turn of the century.

Digital catalogs (called OPACs, Online Public Access Catalogs) began to appear in the 1970’s and are now widespread; they are rapidly displacing card catalogs. Entries in OPACs are commonly encoded in MARC (Machine Readable Cataloguing) format, a standard which permits them to be shared among institutions.

In libraries today, cataloguing is considered part of “technical services” – those services generally concerned with the maintenance of the collection, such as acquisition and binding. Technical services are distinguished from “public services,” such as reference services, which involve direct contact with library users. Nearly all libraries have cataloguers, although in very small libraries one person may handle other tasks, e.g. reference work and acquisition of new materials, in addition to cataloguing. 

3. CATALOGUING IN SPECIAL LIBRARIES ⁵

Cataloguing in special libraries has been virtually ignored in the literature since the turn of the century, although there are many books and papers on cataloguing in general. It is not clear why this should be so, since it can be argued that the needs of special libraries are different from those of public, academic and national libraries. Special libraries are primarily interested in the information content of documents in the sense that they have little or no interest in documents except as “packages” in which information may be encapsulated. It is therefore reasonable to assume a priori that special libraries would undertake detailed indexing and light cataloguing, perhaps reducing the catalogue to the status of a finding list. It is in cataloguing that special libraries differ from most other types of information unit, and cataloguing in them features, inter alia: a high proportion of non-book, unpublished and ephemeral materials; the frequent use of text retrieval packages, rather than traditional library catalogues; the need for locally-created rules to meet the specific needs of the clientele; a high proportion of cataloguing being carried out by non-professionals.

In a special library, the main reason for any system is to exploit the information contained in the stock, and those which are automated have therefore opted for one of the many text retrieval systems which offer sophisticated searching. There is much less need for library management systems as they do not have the need for facilities such as large-scale circulation systems.

Standard codes are considered unsuitable for the needs of special libraries. The levels of detail used shows that even the simplest of the three levels of description allowed by AACR2 (the 1978, second edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules) is more complex than the level of detail used by most of the respondents.  

A. DETAIL IN THE CATALOGUES:

The only elements common to all were author(s), title, subtitle, edition and year of publication. Least commonly included were details of illustrations and diagrams, followed by the physical dimensions of the item.

In a special library, the cataloguer should record as much information available as is practically and sensibly possible and include full descriptions, the language and the extent of the work.

The catalogue is still seen as an important asset, and cataloguing is largely carried out by qualified librarians. When some of the cataloging is carried out by non-professional staff, it is later checked by a qualified librarian.

 

Chapter III

CLASSIFICATION 

I have found the following to be very useful as introductory remarks for both librarians and readers in Buddhist Studies. Therefore, I am quoting it in full with my own additions or modifications in parentheses where necessary.

“The mass of modern literature on Buddhism-both popular and scholarly-remind of the blind men and the elephant story. The subject is so vast, and the range that can be included in a manageable book so small, that no one treatment can do it full justice. No one has ever mastered the entire literature on the subject, and given the exponential rate at which it’s growing, probably no one ever will. Thus, before exploring the literature, it is important to be clear about your own reasons for exploration, so that you can narrow down the range of your research to manageable proportions: the part of the elephant that you find most interesting and that you feel you can handle. At the same time, it is important to be clear about the variety of reasons that authors may have for writing about Buddhism, and about the limitations inherent in their various approaches, so that you can develop a sense of which blind men will be your most reliable guides.

“In the broadest terms, the books on Buddhism fall into the two categories we used in the Introduction to The Buddhist Religion (hereafter referred to as BR): those that treat Buddhism as Buddhism, i.e., a body of facts about Buddhists, their beliefs, and their actions; and those that treat it as Dharma-Vinaya, i.e., a body of truths that the authors recommend should be incorporated into the conduct of one’s life. (In Buddhist monastery, they are considered as Buddhist Studies (Chin. Fa hsueh, Viet: Phap hoc) in the first case and Buddhist Practice (Chin. Fa hsing, Viet. Phap hanh) in the second. It is two parts of a monastic life, dedicating to study the Buddha’s teachings as well as to practice meditation as mandatory for one’ own liberation. Furthermore, another way to look at these two types is that,) it is overly simplistic to view these two categories as “books by outsiders” and “books by Buddhists,” for there are many objective, scholarly accounts of the Buddhist tradition written by Buddhists, just as there are many non-Buddhists who advocate incorporating particular parts of the Buddhist tradition into a non-Buddhist approach to life.

“Books that treat Buddhism as Buddhism can be judged like any other account that aims at factual accuracy: How reliable are the data? Are they cited in context or out of context? What are the terms of analysis? Are they appropriate for the data? What are the author’s expressed presuppositions? What are his unspoken presuppositions? For whom, or what purpose, is the account useful? Is the treatment fair? Is it clear? ⁶

“As for judging books that treat Buddhism as Dharma-Vinaya, it is useful to keep in mind a distinction proposed by Wilfred Cantwell Smith in his book, The Meaning and End of Religion. According to Professor Smith, any religion has two dimensions: tradition and faith. Tradition covers one’s inheritance from previous adherents of the religion; faith covers the fullness of one’s involvement with that tradition. The two aspects interact, in that the outward manifestations of one’s faith add or subtract to the tradition handed on to future generations. Thus, when reading a book that treats Buddhism as Dharma-Vinaya, you can judge it either as an account of the tradition--in which the criteria used for books that treat Buddhism as Buddhism apply--or as a product of the author’s faith, i.e., as a contribution to the development of the Buddhist tradition. For example, the works of C. A. F. Rhys Davids on early Buddhism and D. T. Suzuki on medieval Ch’an, which were once accepted as standard accounts, are now largely viewed as inaccurate. Thus they are no longer cited as authorities on the Buddhist tradition in the fields on which they wrote. However, they are now studied as examples of the authors’ faith in the Buddhist tradition and of the way that tradition has been reshaped in modern times. In other words, they are read not for what they tell us about early Buddhism or medieval Ch’an, but what they tell us about the authors and the selling of Buddhism in the West in the 20th century.

“Another way of classifying books on the Buddhist religion is in terms of the academic disciplines to which they belong. Religious Studies, as an academic field, has something of an identity problem in that, unlike some other fields, it does not have a discipline of its own. Thus it borrows from a number of fields, primarily in the spectrum that runs from sociology through cultural anthropology and history (political, social, and intellectual) to philosophy. Only rarely are writers trained to be at the cutting edge of all of these disciplines, so be prepared for books that are strong in one field but weak in others.⁷

Conversely, there are historians ignorant in the field of statistics who try to provide statistical analyses of the early Buddhist community based on data in the texts, even though the data base is far too small for any meaningful conclusions.⁸ The application of academic disciplines to the study of Buddhism has resulted in the same sorts of issues that have resulted from applying those disciplines to other fields. However, there are two areas in the academic study of Buddhism that deserve special comment at the outset.

“One is the question of how appropriate it is to apply those disciplines to Buddhism at all. For example, when studying the ancient texts--such as the Pali Canon or the writings of Nagarjuna--is it proper to use modern methods of textual analysis to study the meaning of the texts in and of themselves, or must one follow the interpretations that later Buddhist commentators gave to the texts? On the surface, the answer would seem to be simple: Study both--that way one can get a sense of what the texts meant to their authors and to others alive at the time when they were composed, and of how that meaning changed over the centuries.

The issue is complicated, however, by the fact that there are many modern Buddhists who have committed themselves to living their lives by the teachings of the commentators. Many of these Buddhists feel that scholars who have not made such a commitment--whose only stake in the truth is their paycheck and their academic reputation--have no right to question the commentators’ authority. It is easier to make an academic reputation by throwing out accepted views than by supporting them, they note, and the academician need not stick around afterwards to pick up the pieces. At the same time, questions of national pride also come into play. Sri Lankans and Burmese, for example, regard their commentaries on the Pali Canon as great treasures of their national culture, just as Tibetans regard their commentaries on Nagarjuna as treasures of theirs. To use methods of modern critical scholarship on these works, they say, is an act of cultural imperialism; and there are many empathetic post-modern academicians who would support their case. This, of course, would place great restraints on freedom of the academician in giving what he feels is an honest appraisal of the tradition. As for the harm that might be done by such honesty, Buddhism would be a weak tradition indeed if it could not stand up to sincere questioning. Thus in BR, and in the bibliography we have given below, we have tended to side with the methods of free inquiry over the claims of traditional authority--except where these methods can be used with a self-serving or hostile intent--but we feel honor-bound to alert you to the issue so that you can decide the merits of the case for yourself.

“The second issue brings us back to the point raised at the beginning of this introduction: The subject of Buddhism is so vast, with so many fronts of inquiry going on at once, that no one scholar can hope to keep abreast of findings on every front. The language barrier itself is almost insurmountable. A scholar fully conversant with every aspect even of just modern Buddhism would have to be fully fluent in Pali, Sanskrit, Bengali, Maharasthi, Newari, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Tibetan, Mongolian, Sinhalese, Burmese, Thai, Laotian, and Khmer, (not to mention Vietnamese), to say nothing of the major European languages, and at the same time would have to be familiar enough with several academic disciplines and their findings that he would not only be able to keep current with all the latest research but also be in a position to judge its merits. No such person exists. Thus, when an expert in a particular branch of Buddhist Studies compares the findings of his research with those in another branch, be prepared to put a question mark next to his statements about that other branch, for it is entirely possible that they are based on readings that are partial or out-of-date.

We hope, however, that these warnings will not discourage you from exploring the literature on the Buddhist religion. Buddhism is one of the great traditions of the human race, and it contains many treasures for the delight and edification of anyone who takes the time to explore it with care.”

The previous passage was written by Peter Harvey and retrieved from the internet; I am most grateful to the author. The following section, a Proposed Scheme of Classification for Buddhist Libraries, is the result of the practical experience accrued over the years of my and my predecessors’ process of classifying works in the Van Hanh Collection. Some explanations are needed first.

Although the scheme is claimed to be based on the Dewey Decimal Classification, in reality the scheme is sometimes, if not often, as far from Dewey as imaginable. The reason is due to the fact that are few works in the 500 and 600 divisions of Dewey (Technology and Science), as far as Buddhist literature is concerned. Therefore, while constructing a workable scheme for Buddhist materials, I have replaced these two divisions with other divisions called “500 Theravadin Buddhism” and “600 Mahayana Buddhism” respectively. The “600 Mahayana Buddhism” includes three major and prominent Mahayana trends nowadays, that is Ch’an or Zen, Pure Land and Tantrism.

One will find that in some sections, there are virtually no entries at all; while in others, there is an abundance of material – e.g. Pure Land, compiled by Kenneth Tanaka, retrieved from the Internet, to whom acknowledgment is expressed here – that may take up a great number of pages.

 

Proposed Classification

Scheme for Buddhist Libraries 

 

First Summary

The Ten Main Classes 

000      Reference Works - General Sources

100      Tripitaka Collection: Suøtras, Saøstras, Vinaøyas; Commentaries,  

Sub-Commentaries, etc.

200      History of Development

300      Philosophy of Buddhism

400      Religious Aspects of Buddhism: General sermons, Chanting 

Texts; Social activities, Popular Books on Buddhism, etc.

500      Theravadin Buddhism

600      Mahayana Buddhism : All Schools of Northern Traditions 

of Buddhism, including Tibetan and Zen.

700      Buddhist Art

800      Buddhist Languages and Literature (Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese, etc.)

900      Comparative Studies on Buddhism and other subject fields: Religions, Western Philosophies, Science, Economy, Environment, Politics, Modern Trends, etc. 

 

 

Second Summary

The Hundred Divisions 

000 Reference Works

010 Bibliography –  Indices

020 Catalogues

030 Encyclopedia – Dictionaries, Comprehensive & General

040 Dictionaries on Specific Subject Areas in Buddhism

050 Collected Works

060 Sources for Buddhist Studies - Other Reference Works

070 Scientific and Technological Sources for the Study of Buddhism

080 Anthologies of Buddhist Literature & Art

090 Manuscripts and Rare Texts. 

100 The Tripitaka Collections

110 The Pali Canon

120 The Sanskrit Canon

130 Canons of Theravadin countries

140 The Chinese Canon

150 The Japanese Canon

160 Canons of Mahaøyaøna countries

170 The Tibetan Canon

180 Western Languages Canon

190 The Vietnamese Canon 

200 History of Development

210 Biography of the Historical Buddha

220 The Development of Early Indian Buddhism

230 History of Buddhism in Theravadin countries

240 History of Buddhism in China

250 History of Buddhism in Japan

260 History of Buddhism in other Asian countries 

270 History of Buddhism in Tibet

280 Western & Modern Buddhism

290  Specific Region: Buddhism in Vietnam 

300 Philosophy

300 Basic Doctrines

310 Abhidharma

320 Doctrines of Prajnaparamita (Perfect Wisdom) including Teachings of Madhyamika (Middle Way, Emptiness, etc.)

330 The Teachings of Yogacara, Vijnaptivada (Idealism -Consciousness-Only, etc.)

340 Metaphysics 

350 Phenomenology

360 Soteriology, Liberation, Morality and Aesthetism

370 Esoterism - Vajrayaøna – Tantrism

380 Buddhist Logic

390 Modern Buddhist Thought 

400 Religious Aspects 

General doctrines, sermons, Chanting texts; Social aspects, Popular books on Buddhism, etc.

410 Cultural aspects, Teachings on Buddhism in general

420 Buddhist Ethics

430 The Buddha’s Teachings

440 Social Aspects of Buddhism 

450 Chanting Texts

460 Rituals – Mythical aspects

470 Individual Sermon, Anthologies, etc.

480 Global issues

490 Indigenous religions – Folk religions 

500 Theravadin Buddhism 

510 Theravada Meditation, General

520  Nepal

530 Sri Lanka

540 Thailand

550 Burma

560 Cambodia & Laos

570 South -Esat Asia

580 Western Countries

590 Other Countries 

600 The Rise and Development of Mahayana Buddhism 

610 General Survey

620  Development of Mahayana Ideals

630 Mahayana Sects

640 Chinese Ch’an

650 Japanese Zen

660 Soteriology, Pantheon, Morality, Aestheticism – Pure Land

670 Esoterism – Tantrism – Vajrayaøna

680 Disciplinary / Vinaya School

690 Buddhism Comes West

690 Other Minor or Local Sects 

700 Buddhist Art 

710 General Survey

720 Buddhist Art - Southern Countries

730 Buddhist Art - Vietnam

740 Buddhist Art - China

750 Buddhist Art - Japan

760 Buddhist Art - Cambodia & Laos

770 Buddhist Art - Tibet

780 Buddhist Art - Western Countries

790 Buddhist Art - Other Countries 

800 Buddhist Languages and Literature 

810 General Survey

820 History of the Formation of Tripitaka Literature

830 Languages – Southern Countries

840 Languages – Northern Countries

850 Literature – Southern Countries

860 Literature – Northern Countries

870 Tibetan Language and Literature

880 Modern and Western Literature

890 Vietnamese Buddhist Language and Literature 

900 Comparative Studies 

910 Buddhism and Civilization

920 Buddhism and Religions

930 Buddhism and Philosophies

940 Buddhism and Social Issues

950 Buddhism and Theories of Education

960 Buddhism and Science

970 Buddhism and Medicine

980 Buddhism in Western Literature

990 Buddhism and the Modern World 

 

 

Third Summary

The Thousand Sections 

000 Reference Works 

010 Bibliography – Indices

011  Bibliography, Comprehensive

011.2   Bibliography - Indian Buddhism

011.4   Bibliography - Chinese Buddhism

011.46  Bibliography - Chinese Pure Land

011.5   Bibliography - Japanese Buddhism

018 Bibliography – Indices – Western Languages

020 Catalogues

030 Encyclopedia – Dictionaries, Comprehensive & General

034 Encyclopedia – Dictionaries, Multilingual

040 Dictionaries on Specific Subject Areas in Buddhism

041 On Biographies & Personal Names

042 On History

043 On Philosophy & Doctrines – General

043.1  Numerical Lists

043.2  On Abhidharma

043.3  On Madhyamika & Prajnaparamita

043.4  On Vijnaptivada

043.5   On Zen & Ch’an

043.6  On Pure Land

043.7  On Esoterism, Tantrism

048 Buddhist Literature and Arts

048.2  Buddhist Iconography

048.4  Buddhist Rituals and Folklore

048.5   Buddhist Icons

048.7   Dictionaries - Iconography

048.8  Proverbs and Famous Sayings

049 Other Biographical Dictionaries

049.4  Chinese

049.5  Japanese

050 Collected Works

060 Sources for Buddhist Studies - Other Reference Works

066 Methodology and History of Buddhist Studies

070 Scientific and Technological Sources for the Study of Buddhism

075 Web Sites, Buddhist Databases & Input Projects

076 Buddhist Studies: Academic and Research Information Sources

077 Audio-Visual Resources on Buddhism

078 Electronic devices (video tapes, cassettes, CD, VCD, DVD, MP3 etc.) 

on Buddhist Sermons, Art & Literary Works, Poetry & Fiction, etc.

079 Miscellaneous

080 Directories on Literature & Arts 

090 Manuscripts and Rare Texts 

100 The Tripitaka Collections 

101 Anthologies of Buddhist texts

101.1  Pali Texts

101.11   Sutta-pitaka

101.12   Vinaya-pitaka

101.13   Abhidhamma-pitaka

101.2  Sanskrit & Middle Indic Texts

101.31    Sutras

101.4  Chinese Texts

101.5   Japanese Texts

101.7  Tibetan & Indo-Scyth Texts

102 Formations of the Canons

102.4  Chinese Texts

104 Studies of Texts

110 The Pali Canon

111.1   Nikaya - Agama

120 The Sanskrit Canon

140 The Chinese Canon

150 The Japanese Canon

159 The Korean Canon

160 Other Canons of Mahayana countries

170 The Tibetan Canon

180 Western Languages Canon

181.1  Translations from Pali

181.2  Translations from Sanskrit

181.4  Translations from Chinese

181.5  Translations from Japanese

181.59   Translations from Korean

181.7  Translation from Tibetan

190 The Vietnamese Canon 

200 History of Development 

201 General Survey

210 Biography of the Historical Buddha

210.1   The Buddha’s Awakening

210.2  The First Sermon

210.4  Founding the Sangha 

210.6  The Parinirvana

210.8  The Jatakas

213  Biographies of the Buddha’s Immediate Disciplines & Patriarchs before Bodhidharma

213.2  Indian Patriarchs

213.23   Nagarjuna

214 Religious Life in the Early Centuries

215 Lay disciples & other Buddhists in the Early Centuries

215.2  Asoka & his Inscriptions

219 Mythical Buddhas, Bodhisattvas & Arhats, etc.

220 The Development of Early Indian Buddhism

220.1  General Sources 

220.2  Formation of the Canon 

220.21    On the Suttas 

220.22    On Vinaya 

220.23    On Abhidhamma 

220.3  Early Sects

220.4  Buddhist Councils

220.7  Other Religious Sects during Buddha’s Time

220.9  The Disappearance of Indian Buddhism

222  Inscriptions, Stupas & Other Archaeological &  

Documentary Evidences

222.2  India

222.4  China

222.42   Tung-huang Caves, Lung-men Caves, etc.

222.44   Sacred Sites for Pilgrimages

224 Monasteries, Viharas, etc.

230 Early Buddhism outside India (except China & Northern Counries)

232 Nepal

233 Sri Lanka (Colombo)

233.6  Medieval Period

234 Thailand

235 Burma

239 Indonesia

240 Development of Chinese Buddhism

240.1  General survey

240.3  Early Period

241 Formation of the Chinese Tripitaka

242 Biographies of Early Chinese Monastics (up to Medieval Times)

242.2  Individual (i.e. Tao-an, Chu Fa-lang, Chih-tun, etc.)

242.4 Hagiographies (i.e. Kao seng chuan,  

Kuang hung ming chi, etc.)

243 Foundation Patriarchs (i.e. Ching-tu’s Hui-yuan, 

T’ien-t’ai’s Chih-i, etc.)

244 Pilgrimages & Memoirs of Pilgrims (i.e. I-tsing’s Fo kuo chi, etc.)

246 Chinese Buddhism - Medieval Times

248 Modern Chinese Buddhism

250 Development of Japanese Buddhism

240.1  General survey

240.3  Early Period

252 Biographies of Early Japanese Monastic (up to Medieval Times)

252.2  Individual

252.4  Hagiographies

253 Foundation Patriarchs

254 Pilgrimages & Memoirs of Pilgrims (i.e. Ennin’s Diary)

256 Japanese Buddhism – Medieval times

258 Modern Japanese Buddhism

259 Korean Buddhism

260 History of Buddhism in other Countries

264 Mongolia

265 Manchuria

270 Development of Tibetan Buddhism

272.2  General History 

272.4  Early Tibetan Buddhism

272.8  Bon Religion 

273 Medieval Tibetan Buddhism

278 Modern Tibetan Buddhism

280 Development of Modern & Western Buddhism

282 American Buddhism

284 Euro Buddhism

284.1  Great Britain

284.2  Germany

284.3  France

284.4  Italy

284.5  Portugal, Spain, Greece

284.6  Switzerland

284.7  Russian Federation

284.8   Denmark

284.9  Other Countries

290 Development of Vietnamese Buddhism 

300 Philosophy 

300.1  Indian Philosophy

300.11    Sarvastivada Literature

300.2 History of Buddhist Philosophy

301 Basic Doctrines

302 Four Noble Truths

302.4  Eightfold Path

303 Pratityasamutpada (Interdependent Origination – Dependent 

Co-arising – Conditioned Co-production)

303.1  Samsara – Rebirth

303.3  Panca-Skandha – Five Aggreates

303.33

304 Hetupratyaya (Causality - Cause-and-Effect)

304.4   Karma

305 Three Universal Characteristics: Anityaø: Impermanence; 

Anatma: Non-Ego; Dukkha: Unsatisfactoriness

306 Trikaøya

307 Duality, Two Truths (samvrïti & paramaørtha)

308 Nirvaøna

310 Abhidharma

310.1  Original Texts and Commentaries

313 Abhidharmakosasastra

320 The Teachings of Madhyamika( Middle Way, Emptiness, etc.)

321 Theory of Knowledge

322 Life and Works of Nagarjuna

323 Madhyaømikasaøstra

323.3  Sunyaøta – Emptiness

324 Other Madhyamika masters and sastras (treatises)

324.1  Doctrine of Prajnaparamita (Perfect Wisom)

324.11   Mahaprajnaparamita-sutras

324.2  Vajracchedika-prajnaparamita-sutra  (Diamond Sutra)

324.3  Hridaya-prajnaparamita-sutra (Heart Sutra)

326.4  Madhyamika in China (San lun)

326.42   Seng-chao and his Chao lun

326.7  Madhyamika in Tibet

330 The Teaching of Yogacara, Vijnaptivada 

(Idealism – Consciousness-Only, etc.)

332 Life and Works of Vasubandhu

333.1  Vimsatika-sastra

333.2  Trimsika-sastra

333.3  Trisvabhava-nirdesa-sastra

334 Other Yogacara masters & treatises

334.1  Maitreyanatha

334.13   Madhyanta-vibhaga-sastra

334.2  Asanga

334.23   Yogacarayabhumi-sastra

335 Fa-hsiang school in China

335.2  Hsuan-tsang, K’uei-chi, etc.

335.3  Ch’eng wei shih lun

338 Buddhist psychology (based on Abhidharma & Vijnaptivada)

340 Metaphysics : Hua-yen

341 Avatamsaka-sutra

341.1  Gandavyuha-sutra

343 Dharma-dhatu

350  Phenomenology

354 Saddharma-pundarika-sutra (Lotus Sutra)

354.2  Bodhisattva Ideal

354.4  Skilful Means 

360  Soteriology, Liberation, Morality and Aesthetism

360.1  General survey

360.19  Articles

361 Sukhavati-sutras

361.3  Cosmology, Motion & Light, etc.

361.9   Sutras - Articles

362 Iconography

362.2  Amitabhabuddha

362.22    Indian Pure Land

363.4   Chinese Pure Land

363.5   Japanese Pure Land

363.52    Shiran

363.54    Other than Shirans

363.542   Shinshu

363.542.8    Shinshu - Contemporary

364 Faith & Devotion

364.8   Devotional Contemporary

370  Vajrayana – Tantrism – Esoterism

380 Logic

382.2  Dignaga, Dharmakirti, etc.

382.3  Treatises on Logic by Dignaga, Sthiramati, etc.

390 Modern Buddhist Thought 

400 Religious Aspects 

General doctrines, Sermons, Folk religions, Chanting Texts; Social aspects and issues, Popular Books on Buddhism, etc.

401 General - Survey

410 Cultural Aspects, Teachings on Buddhism in general

420 Ethics and Morality

430 The Buddha’s Teachings

440 Social issues and Aspects of Buddhism

448 Vegetarianism 

450 Chanting Texts

460 Rituals

465.3  Rituals in Sri Lanka

470 Individual sermons, anthologies, ec.

480 Global issues

481 Ecology & Environment

483 Bioethics

483.93   Suicide and Euthanasia

482 World Peace & Disarmament

487 Treatment of Non-human nature  

489 Sexuality

489.4  Women in Buddhism

489.5  Women in Theravada Tradition

489.6  Women in Mahayana Tradition

490 Indigenous religions 

500 Theravadin Buddhism 

500.1  General survey

510 Theravada Meditation, General

511 Texts on Original Teachings on Meditation : 

Visuddhimarga, Vimuktimarga, etc.

520 Nepal

520.2  Lumbini

530 Sri Lanka

530.2  Mahavastu

538 Modern Sri Lanka

540 Thailand

540.4   Urban, City

540.5  Forest Traditions

550  Burma

550.4  Vipassana

560 Cambodia & Laos

560.8  Angkor Wat

570 Southeast Asia

571 Indonesia 

572 Borobudur

580 Western Countries

590 Other Countries 

600  The Rise and Development of Mahayana Buddhism 

601 General

610 Development of Mahayana Ideals

611 Mahayana Texts

630 Mahayana Sects

632 First to Tenth Centuries    

632.1  San-lun

632.2  T’ien-t’ai – Tendai

632.3  Fa-hsiang 

632.4  Hua-yen – Kegon

640 Chinese Ch’an

640.1  General doctrines

641 Texts (i.e. Lankavataøra suøtra)

642 History of formation

642.1  Other texts (i.e. P’i-yen lu, Wu-men kuan, etc.)

642.2  Northern Ch’an (i.e. Shen-hsiu) & Gradual Enlightenment tradition

642.3  Southern Ch’an – General, Comprehensive

642.32   Bodhidharma

642.324    Fa-yung & Ox-head school

642.33   Hui-neng & Sudden Enlightenment tradition

643 Other Patriarchs (Lin-chi, Ts’ao-t’ung, etc.) 

644 Monastic life and Training in Meditation

645 Methodology

645.1  Kung-an, Hua-t’uo

647 Ch’an influence on other fields

647.8  Ch’an influence on Literature & Poetry 

650 Japanese Zen

650.1  General

651 Texts

652 Patriarchs

653 Texts – Philosophy of Zen

654 Monastic life & Training (i.e. Unsui)

656 Psychology & Zen

558 Zen & Modern Issues

659 Korean Son

660 Soteriology, Pantheon, Morality, Aestheticism: Pure Land  

662 Amitabha Buddha

662.2  Avalokitesvara (Quan Am, Tara)

663 Pure Land Philosophy

664 Ching-t’u

665 Jodo Shinshu

665.5  Nichiren

669 Other sects

669.9  The Third Period sect, White Lotus sect

670 Esoterism - Tantrism – Vajrayaøna

671 General doctrines

672  Buddhism in Tibet

672.2  Early Tibetan Buddhism

672.3  Tantras

672.33   Mandalas 

672.4  Religious aspects

672.9  Bon religion

673 Esoterism – Philosophy  

673.1  Texts by Patriarchs (i.e. Padmasambhava, Tsong-khapa, …)

673.2  Life of Patriarchs (i.e. Milarepa, etc.)

674 Meditation

675 Modern Tibetan Buddhism

675.2  Dalai Lama & His Teachings

676 Other Masters’ Lives & Teachings

679 Other superstitious & supernatural belief & objects

679.9  Charms & Amulets

680 Buddhism comes West

681 General Studies, Surveying American Buddhism

682 American Buddhism

682.34  Buddhist Tradition and schools in North America 

682.4  Asian-American Buddhism

682.44   Chinese-American Buddhism

682.49   Vietnamese-American Buddhism

682.450   Japanese-American Buddhism: Zen

682.453 Japanese-American Buddhism: Pure Land: Judo Shinshu

682.46   Laotian and Cambodian-American Buddhism

682.47   Tibetan-American Buddhism

682.49   Korean-American Buddhism

682.8  Western Buddhism, “New Buddhism”

682.9  Topics and Issues in American Buddhism

682.91   Buddhism and Early Encounter

682.94    Women roles and Involvement in Buddhism

682.945   Theoretical and Methodological Questions

682.95   Further Topics, Miscellaneous

683 Buddhism in Canada

684 Euro-Buddhism

684.1  Great Britain

684.2  Germany

684.3  France

684.4  Italy

684.5  Portugal, Spain, Greece

684.6  Switzerland

684.7  Russian Federation

684.8   Denmark

684.9  Other Countries

685 Western Buddhism - Meditation

689 Other Eastern religions

690 Disciplinary / Vinaya School 

 

700 Buddhist Art 

701 History, General survey

720 Buddhist Art – Southern Countries

722 India

725 Burma

729 Other countries

730 Buddhist Art - Vietnam

740 Buddhist Art – China

744 Calligraphy

747 Paintings

749 Performing arts

749.4 Performing arts in China

750 Buddhist Art – Japan

754 Calligraphy

757 Paintings

759 Performing arts (i.e. NO plays)

770 Buddhist Art - Tibet

777 Paintings – Thankas

780 Buddhist Art - Western Countries

790 Buddhist Art - Other Countries 

800 Buddhist Language and Literature 

810 History, General survey

840 Language

841 Pali

842 Sanskrit

848 Other Languages – Southern Countries

848.2  Sinhalese

850 Languages – Northern Countries

854 Chinese    

855 Japanese

857 Tibetan

860 Literature – Northern countries

860.1  General survey

861 Pali literature

862 Sanskrit literature

864 Chinese Buddhist Literature

864.1  Influence from Indian Literature

864.4  Prose (i.e. Hsi yu chi)

864.8  Poetry (i.e. Po chu-yi, Su Tung-po)

865 Japanese Buddhist Literature

865.4  Prose

865.8  Poetry (i.e. Haiku)

870 Tibetan Buddhist Literature 

880 Modern & Western Buddhist Literature

890 Vietnamese Buddhist Literature 

900 Comparative Studies 

901 Earliest Civilizations

902 Indian Civilization

910 Buddhism and Philosophy

911 Indian Philosophy

912 Hinduism

912.8  Vedic literature

912.9  Jain literature

913  Eastern – Chinese Philosophy

913.3  Taoism

913.4  Confucianism

913.5   Japanese Culture 

918 Western Philosophy

918.1  Ancient Philosophy

918.2  Hellenistic Philosophy

918.3  Greek Philosophy

918.6  Mediaeval Philosophy

918.8  Modern Philosophy

920 Buddhism and Religions

921 Buddhism and Zoroaster

922 Buddhism and Christianity

930 Buddhism and Social Issues

934 Buddhism and Politics

934.4  Human Rights

934.3  Marxism

943.4  Economics

950 Buddhism and Theories of Education

960 Buddhism and Science

966 Buddhism and Modern Physics

970 Buddhism and Medicine

973 Buddhism and Psychology

977 Tibetan Medicine

980 Buddhism in Western Literature (i.e. in T. S. Elliot’s poems)

990 Buddhism and the Modern World

999 Religious Cults   

Chapter IV

SUBJECT HEADINGS 

The following subject headings were compiled in the course of my many years of service, during which time materials of the Van Hanh Collection have been catalogued. They are, however, by no means exhaustive. The practice does not follow any pattern, although I have tried to keep strict to the subject headings of the Library of Congress, with regards to Buddhist studies, as much as possible. Some of the so-called “subject headings” may not be subject headings in their proper sense; rather, they are terms that are particular to Buddhism that I deem appropriate to help the librarian in charge identify the contents of a given book in term of its subject fields.

These subject headings are composed strictly for books on Buddhist studies and related fields, and therefore a great number of them consequently bear the heading “Buddhism” or “Buddhist”. For this reason, I am trying to restrain from applying the term “Buddhism/Buddhist” as much as possible. For example: “Buddhism – China” would become “Chinese Buddhism” although the two differ slightly in meaning.

Again, it is repeated here that these subject headings are only suggestions, not conclusions. 

Suggested Subject Headings : 

Aeons, see Kalpa

Agama, see also Nikaya

Amitabhabuddha

Amitabhasuøtra

Anguttara-Nikaøya

Arahan, see Arhat

Archaeological Sites – (Country, Region)

Architechture – Buddhism

Arhat

Art, Buddhist

Art, Buddhist – India

Art, Buddhist – Vietnam

Asian-American Buddhism

Asoka

Asvaghosa

Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva

Avatamsaka sutra, see also Gandhavyuha sutra

Avidya

Avijna

Belief – Buddhism

Bhiksu-Sangha

Bhiksuni-Sangha

Bioethics – Buddhism

Birth and Death see also Samsara

Bliss, see Sukha

Bodhi Tree – History

Bodhidharma

Bodhi-Mind, see Bodhicitta

Bodhisattva

Bon Religion – Tibet

Buddha – History

Buddha, see also Gautama Buddha

Buddha’s Awakening

Buddhism – America, see American Buddhism

Buddhism – Burma, see Burmese Buddhism

Buddhism – Cambodia, see Cambodian Buddhism

Buddhism – Central Asia

Buddhism – China, see Chinese Buddhism

Buddhism – History

Buddhism – India, see Indian Buddhism

Buddhism – Indonesia, see Indonesian Buddhism

Buddhism – Japan, see Japanese Buddhism

Buddhism – Korea, see Korean Buddhism

Buddhism – Southeast Asia

Buddhism – Sri Lanka, see Sri Lankan Buddhism

Buddhism – Thailand, see Thai Buddhism

Buddhism – Tibet, see Tibetan Buddhism

Buddhism – Vietnam, see Vietnamese Buddhism

Buddhism – World, see World Buddhism

Buddhism, Contemporary see Contemporary Buddhism

Buddhism, Modern, see Modern Buddhism

Buddhism, Western, see Western Buddhism

Buddhist economics, see Economics, Buddhist

Buddhist Stories, Chinese

Buddhist Stories, Japanese

Buddhist Studies – General

Buddhist thoughts, see Philosophy, Buddhist

Catvari-arya-satyani

Causality, see Hetupratyaya

Cause-and-Effect, see Hetupratyaya

Ch’an and Western Philosophy

Ch’an Buddhism, see also Chinese Buddhism

Ch’an Buddhism – Vietnam

Ch’an Patriarchs, see also Bodhidharma

Ch’an Patriarchs, see also Hui-neng

Ch’an Schools – History

Ch’an Teachings

Characteristics, see Laksana

Chinese Buddhism – History - Buddhism

Christianity – Comparative Studies - Buddhism

Citta

Civilization – Comparative Studies

Compassion, see Metta

Concentration, see Samadhi

Conditioned Co-production, see Pratìtyasamutpada

Consciousness, see Vijnana

Consciousness-Only, see Vijnanavada, Vijnaptivada

Contraception – Buddhism

Cosmology, Buddhist

Cultivation

Cultivation – Textual Rules

Culture – Comparative Studies – Buddhism

Culavamsa

Death

Death and dying

Dependent Co-arising, see Pratityasamutpada

Dhammapada

Dharma

Dharmakirti

Dharma-Protector King, see also Asoka

Dipavamsa

Doctrines, Buddhist, see also Philosophy, Buddhist

Drama, Buddhist

Early Buddhism

Early Buddhism – History

Early Sects – Buddhism

Economic ethics

Economics – Comparative Studies – Buddhism

Egolessness, see Anatma

Eightfold Path, see Aryamarga

Eighth Precepts Observance

Emancipation, see Moksa

Emptiness, see Sunyata

Enlightenment

Ethical concepts

Ethics, Buddhist see also Morality, Buddhist & Ethical concepts

Euro-Buddhism

Euthanasia 

Existentialism – Comparative Studies

Fa-hsiang, see also Chinese Buddhism

Faith - Buddhism

Faith, see Sraddha

Filial Piety Ceremony, see Ullambana

Five Aggregates, see Panca-skandhas, see also Skandhas

Five Precepts, see Pancasila

Four Graces

Four Noble Truths, see Catvari-arya-satyani

Gautama Buddha – Biography

Gelugpa School, see also Tibetan Buddhism

Goodness and Evil

Grouped Collection, see Samyutta-Nikaya

Happiness, see Sukha

Heart Sutra, see Hrdya sutra

Heaven & Hell

Hetupratyaya

Hinayana

Homosexuality

Hua-yen, see also Chinese Buddhism

Hui-neng, The Sixth Patriarch

Humanity – Comparative Studies

Idealism, Buddhist, see Vijnõaøptivaøda; see also Vasubandhu

Ignorance, see Avidya

Impermanence, see Anitya

Indian Buddhism – History

Indian Society – Comparative Studies – Buddhism

Influences, Buddhist

Insufficiency, see Dukkha

Interdependent Origination, see Pratityasamutpada

Jatakas

Kalpa

Karma

Karuna

Khuddaka-Nikaya

Laity, Buddhist, see also Upasaka & Upasika

Laksana

Law, see Dharma

Lay devotee, see Upasaka & Upasika

Liberation Path, see Vimuktimarga

Liberation, see Vimukti

Life and Death

Literature, Buddhist – (Country)

Lo-han, see Arhat

Long-Discourse, see Digha-Nikaya

Loving-Kindness, see Metta

Madhyamika sastra, see also Nagarjuna

Mahasamghika

Mahavagga

Mahavamsa

Mahayana

Mahayana – Doctrines

Mahayana – History of Development

Mahayana Buddhism

Mahayana Ethics 

Mahayana Texts 

Maitreya Buddha

Maitreyabuddha sutra

Majjhima-Nikaya

Medieval Buddhism – (Country)

Meditation, see also Dhyana, Ch’an, Zen

Merit, see Puniya

Metta

Middle Way, see Madhyamika; see also Nagarjuna

Middle-Discourse, see Majjhima-Nikaya

Mind and Matter

Mind, see also Citta

Mindfulness, see also Smriti

Mind-Only, see Vijnaptivada

Minor Collection, see Khuddaka-Nikaya

Modern Buddhism – (Country)

Modern China

Monasteries, Japanese – (Period)

Monastic discipline, see Sìla, Vinaya

Monastics, Chinese – Restoration Period

Monks, Buddhist, see Bhiksu-Sangha

Morality, Buddhist see also Ethics, Buddhist

Nagarjuna

Namarupa

Name-and-form, see Namarupa

Nationalism – Comparative Studies – Buddhism

Nibbana, see Nirvana

Nichiren

Nichiren Buddhism, see also Japanese Buddhism

Nihilism, see Sunyaøta

Nirvaøna

Non-Self, see Anaøtma

Nothingness, see Sunyaøta

Numerical Collection, see Anguttara-Nikaøya

Nuns, Buddhist, see Bhiksïunïì-Sangha

Ordination, see Upasampada

Organ donation

Padmasambhava

Pancasìla

Pancaskandhas

Pantheon – Mahayana

Parinirvana

Peace

Perfections, see Paramitas

Phenomenology, Buddhist, see also Saddharmapundarika sutra

Philosophy, Buddhist – Comparative Studies

Philosophy, Buddhist – General Doctrines

Pilgrimages – Buddhist sites – (Country)

Politics – Comparative Studies

Posadha, see Uposatha

Practice, see Cultivation

Prajnaparamita sutras

Prajnaparamita sutras – Textual Studies

Pratimoksa

Pratityasamutpada

Precepts, see Sìla, Vinaya 

Pudgalavada 

Pure Land – Doctrines

Pure Land – History of Development

Pure Land – Patriarchs

Pure Land Buddhism

Pure Land School, see Pure Land Buddhism

Pure Land Sutras, see also Sukhavati sutra;

Pure Land Texts, see Pure Land sutras

Quan Am Bo Tat, see Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva

Quan The Am Bo Tat, see Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva

Rebirth, see Samsara

Reincarnation, see Samsara

Religions – Comparative Studies – Brahmanism

Saddharmapundharikasutra – Textual Studies

Samadhi

Samskara

Samsara

Samyutta-Nikaya

Sangha, Vietnamese

San-lun, see also Chinese Buddhism 

Sarvastivada

Sarvodaya Sramadana

Sautrantika

Science – Comparative Studies – Buddhism

Scriptures of Perfect Wisdom, see Prajnaparamita sutras

Self-immolation

Sexual behavior

Shotoku Taishi

Shurangama sutra

Siddhas

Six Gatis

Sixth Patriarch, see Hui-neng

Skandhas

Skilful Means, see Upadhyaya

Smriti

Social ethics

Society - Comparative Studies – Buddhism

Sorrows, see Dukkha

Soteriology – Mahayana

Spontaneity, see Tzu-jan

Sthaviravada

Stories, Buddhist – (Country)

Suchness, see Tathata

Sufferings, see Dukkha

Suicide, see also Euthanasia

Sukha

Tantras

Tantrism, see also Tibetan Buddhism

Tathagata

Tathata

Theragatha

Theravada Buddhism

Theravada Ethics 

Theravada Meditation

Theravada Texts

Therigatha

Third Period Sect, see also Chinese Buddhism

Three Dharma-Seals

Three Jewels, see Triratna

Three Refuges, see Trisarana

Three Universal Characteristics, see also Dukkha, Anitya, Anatma

Thus-Come, see Tathagata

Tì-ba-sa, see Vibhasa

T’ien-t’ai, see also Chinese Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism – History

Tibetan Buddhism – Doctrines

Tibetan culture 

Transference of Merits

Transparency, see Sunyata

Trisarana

Tsong-khapa, see also Tibetan Buddhism

Twelve Chains of Causality, see Pratìtyasamutpada

Twelve Links, see Pratìtyasamutpada

Tzu-jan

Ullambana

Unsatisfactoriness, see Dukkha

Upasaka

Upasampada

Upasika

Uposatha

Vaibhasika

Vajrayana

Vasubandhu, see also Vijnanavada

Vegetarianism

Vietnamese Buddhism – Ch’an Studies

Vietnamese Buddhism – Ch’an studies

Vietnamese Buddhism – Civilization

Vietnamese Buddhism – Colonial Period

Vietnamese Buddhism – Contemporary Culture

Vietnamese Buddhism – Contemporary, 1972

Vietnamese Buddhism – Culture, 1963-1973

Vietnamese Buddhism – Dharma Propagation

Vietnamese Buddhism – Education

Vietnamese Buddhism – Historic documents, 1973

Vietnamese Buddhism – History, 1963

Vietnamese Buddhism – History, 1964

Vietnamese Buddhism – History, 1966

Vietnamese Buddhism – History, 1972

Vietnamese Buddhism – History, 1973

Vietnamese Buddhism – History, Ly Dynasty

Vietnamese Buddhism – History, Nguyen Dynasty

Vietnamese Buddhism – History, Tran Dynasty

Vietnamese Buddhism – Introduction Period

Vietnamese Buddhism – Ly Dysnasty Culture

Vietnamese Buddhism – Monasteries

Vietnamese Buddhism – Movements after 1963

Vietnamese Buddhism – Political Activities

Vietnamese Buddhism – Popular Belief

Vietnamese Buddhism – Restoration Movement Period

Vietnamese Buddhism – Royal Patronage

Vietnamese Buddhism – Sangha Orders

Vietnamese Buddhism – Social Aspects

Vietnamese Culture – Comparative Studies - Buddhism

Vietnamese Society – Comparative Studies - Buddhism

Vijnana

Vijnanavada

Vijnaptimatratasiddhisastra

Vinaya

Vinaya, Exposition of, see Vinaya-vibhanga

Vipassana Meditation

Vimukti

Vimuktimaørga

Visuddhi

Purification Path – Visuddhimarga

Vu Lan, see Ullambana

Vyuhavatisutra

War and peace

Western Buddhism – (Country, Period)

Wisdom, see Prajna

Women Buddhists

Women in Buddhism, see also Women Buddhists

World Buddhism

World Civilization – Comparative Studies – Buddhism  

World Peace – Comparative Studies – Buddhism

Yogacara

Zen

Zen Buddhism, see also Japanese Buddhism

Zen Buddhism, see also Ch’an Buddhism; Meditation; 

Vipassana Meditation 

SECTION B 

000 References 

011 BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Conze, Edward  

Buddhist Scriptures: A Bibliography. Edited and revised by Lewis Lancaster. New York: Garland, 1982.

Ecole Francaise d'Extreâme-Orient 

Bibliographie Bouddhique. Ed. par Nalinaksha Dutt, Marcelle Lalou, de la Valleùe-Poussin, et al. Paris: EFEO, 1928-1954. 10 vols.  

Bibliographie Bouddhique I - XXVII (Janvier 1928 - Mai 1954) par G.L.M. Clauson, Nalinaksha Dutt, A.J. Bernet Kempers, Marcelle Lalou, L. de la Vallee Poussin, Esther J. Levy, Reneù Lingat, Raymonde Linossier, Jean Przyluski, Otto Stein, E.Tomomatsu, Poul Tuxen, James R. Ware, Jan Jaworski, K. Okamoto, J. Yoshimizu, Traàn Vaên Giaùp, Betty Heimann, M. Mabille, C. Regamey, Hoøryuø Kuno, Paul Demieville, J. Filliozat, I.B. Horner, Jan W. de Jong, Etienne Lamotte, M.T. de Mallmann, Alfonsa Ferrari, Masato Nagao, Arthur F. Wright, Susumu Yamaguchi, J.K. Balbir, G.L.M. Clauson, Alex Wayman, de Sylvain Levi, Maurice Maschino, Nadine Stchoupak. Paris: Lib. d'Ameùrique et d'Orient, Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1930-1958. 28cm, 1536 pp.

Hanayama Shinshoâ, ed. 

Bibliography on Buddhism. Tokyo, Hokuseido, 1961.

Held, Hans Ludwig  

Deutsche Bibliographie des Buddhismus. Hildesheim / New York: G. Olms, 1973.

Institute Belge des Hautes Etudes Bouddhiques 

Seùrie bibliographies; ed. by Pierre Beautrix. Brussels, 1969- . 

I: Bibliographie du bouddhisme zen; ed. by Pierre Beautrix. Brussels, 1969- .  

II: Bibliographie du bouddhisme; ed. by Pierre Beautrix. Brussels, 1971- .  

III:Bibliographie de la litterature prajnõaparamita; ed. by Pierre Beautrix. Brussels, 1971-

Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions. 

Buddhist Text Information and Buddhist Research Information, ed. by Richard A. Gard. Stony Brook, New York: SUNY at Stony Brook, Melville Memorial Library, 1983-

Ono Genmyoâ, ed.  

Bussho kaisetsu dai jiten [Encyclopedia of Buddhist literature with explanations]. Tokyo: Daitoâ Shuppan, 1933-1936, 1974, 1988. 15 vols.  

The most comprehensive listing of East Asian Buddhist texts. Provides detailed summaries by recognized experts on each text; alternate titles from catalogues; Sanskrit and Tibetan titles, where appropriate; information on translation. The supplement (Bekkan: Butten soâron, 1936) includes biographical information on major translators and complete listings of traditional catalogues. Vols. 11-12 (1974) provide

useful overviews and critiques of the works of modern Japanese Buddhist scholars and cover traditional works passed over in the original edition. Vol. 15 (Choâshabetsu shomei mokuroku, 1988) consists of a comprehensive index by authors. A Chinese index for vols. 1-10 is available.

Reynolds, Frank E.  

Guide to the Buddhist Religion. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1981.

Shinsho Hanayama 

Bibliography on Buddhism. Tokyo: Hokuseido, 1961.

Sobranie buddijskichtekstov 

Bibliotheca Buddhica. 30 Vols.

Yoo, Yushin  

Buddhism: A Subject Index to Periodical Articles in English, 1728-1971 Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1973.

Yoo, Yushin  

Books on Buddhism: an Annotated Subject Guide. Metuchen, N. J.: Scarecrow Press, 1976.

011.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY - INDIAN BUDDHISM

Nakamura Hajime  

Indian Buddhism, a Survey with Bibliographical Notes. Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 1987. (Buddhist Traditions, vol. 1, 1980). 

011.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY- CHINESE BUDDHISM

Giles, Lionel 

Descriptive Catalogue of the Chinese Manuscripts from Tunhuang in the British Museum. London: The British Museum, 1957.

Nanjio Bunyiu 

A Catalogue of the Chinese Translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka;  

the Sacred Canon of the Buddhists in China and Japan. (Ñaïi Minh Tam taïng Thaùnh giaùo muïc luïc). Compiled by Bunyiu Nanjio (Nam Ñieàu Vaên Huøng). Oxford: Clarendon, 1883. 

 

011.9 BIBLIOGRAPHY- VIETNAMESE BUDDHISM

Gaspardone, Emile .  

Bibliographie Annamite. Hueá: Ñaïi hoïc Sö phaïm, 1962.

Leâ vaên Loäc 

Phaät giaùo: Thö muïc quoác vaên. [Buddhism: a Bibliography in Vietnamese]. Saigon, 1971.

Leâ Xuaân Khoa 

Thö tòch Phaät hoïc Vieät nam. [A Bibliography on Vietnamese Buddhism]. Saigon: Vaên hoùa AÙ chaâu, 1963.

Ministry of Culture. Directorate of National Archives and Libraries 

Thö tòch veà Phaät giaùo; thö tòch Anh vaø Phaùp vaên. [A Bibliography on Buddhism; English and French writings]. Boä Vaên hoùa, Nha Vaên khoá vaø Thö vieäc quoác gia. Saigon, 1967.

Nguyeãn Khaéc Kham. 

Sô thaûo muïc luïc veà thö tòch Phaät giaùo Vieät nam. Saigon: Thö vieän Quoác gia, 1963.

Van-Hanh University. Library 

Thö muïc Phaät giaùo taïi Thö vieän Ñaïi hoïc Vaïn-Haïnh. [Bibliography on Buddhism at the library of Van-Hanh University]. Saigon: Tu thö Vaïn Haïnh, 1966.  

014 BIBLIOGRAPHIES - DOCTRINES 

014.34  BIBLIOGRAPHY- YOGACARA SCHOOL

Powers, John  

The Yogacara School of Buddhism: A Bibliography. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1991. 

014.35  BIBLIOGRAPHY- ZEN

014.36  BIBLIOGRAPHY- PURE LAND

Ducor, Jerome  

"Genchi", bibliographie des Ecritures Shinshu en langues occidentales / "Genchi", Bibliography of Shinshu Scriptures in Western Languages (On-line)

Ishihara, Jones  

Western language bibliography of Pure Land Buddhism related topics compiled for the International Association of Shin Buddhist Studies (IASBS). Berkeley, Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1989.

Muraishi Eshô  

“A Bibliography on Pure Land Buddhism Written in English” in Junshin Gakuho, 2 (Dec. 1983): 1-33. (Tokyo: GenDai jimbun kagaku kenkyusho)

Rhodes, Robert F.  

“Bibliography of English-Language Works on Pure Land Buddhism : 1960 to Present.” in Shinshu-sogo-kenkyusho kiyo 1 (1983):1-28.

Tanaka, Kenneth K.  

“Bibliography of English-Language Works on Pure Land Buddhism : Primarily 1983-1989”. in The Pacific World (Berkeley: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, 5 (Fall 1989): 85-99. 

017 BIBLIOGRAPHIES – WESTERN LANGUAGES:

Bibliographie bouddhique. Paris: EFEO, 1928-

Conze, Edward  

Buddhist Scriptures: A Bibliography. Edited and revised by Lewis Lancaster. New York: Garland, 1982.

Hanayama S.  

Bibliography on Buddhism. Tokyo, 1961.

Held, Hans Ludwig  

Deutsche Bibliographie des Buddhismus. Hildesheim/New York: G. Olms, 1973.

Institute Belge des Hautes Etudes Bouddhiques 

Seùrie bibliographies; ed. by Pierre Beautrix. Brussels, 1969- . 

I: Bibliographie du bouddhisme zen; ed. by Pierre Beautrix. Brussels, 1969- .  

II: Bibliographie du bouddhisme; ed. by Pierre Beautrix. Brussels, 1971- .  

III:Bibliographie de la litterature prajnõaparamita; ed. by Pierre Beautrix. Brussels, 1971-

Institute for Advanced Studies of World Religions. 

Buddhist Text Information and Buddhist Research Information, ed. by Richard Gard. Stony Brook, New York: SUNY at Stony Brook, Melville Memorial Library, 1983-

Potter, Karl H. (comp.) 

Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Bibliography. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1995.

Powers, John  

The Yogacara School of Buddhism: A Bibliography. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1991.

Reynolds, Frank E.  

Guide to the Buddhist Religion. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1981.

Yoo, Yushin  

Buddhism: A Subject Index to Periodical Articles in English, 1728-1971 Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1973.

Yoo, Yushin  

Books on Buddhism: An Annotated Subject Guide. Metuchen, N. J.: Scarecrow Press, 1976 

020 CATALOGUES 

020.1  CATALOGUES OF THE TAISHOÂ CANON

Bunyiu Nanjioø 

A Catalogue of Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka. Oxford: 1883.

Demieùville, Paul; Hubert Durt and Anna Seidel, eds.  

Reùpertoire du canon Bouddhique Sino-Japonais: Edition de Taishoâ. Hoâboâgirin, appendix volume. Paris: L’Acadeùmie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Institut de France, 1978.  

Numerical listings of the Taishoâ canon; Chapter 2 gives biographical information on all authors and translators cited in the listings. Reviewed: Lewis Lancaster, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 5 (1982): 128-131.

Hsu-tsang-ching yang-pen.  

Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu-kuan, 1923.

Maeda Eun, ed.  

Dai Nihon zoku Zoâkyoââ soâmokuroku [Catalog of the ZokuZoâkyoââ]. Tokyo: Zoâkyoââ Shoin, 1967.

H. Ui, M. Suzuki, Y. Kanakura and T. Tada 

A complete catalogue of the Tibetan Buddhist Canons. Sendai: Tohoku Imperia University, 1934.

Ta-cheng Hsin-hsiu ta-tsang ching tsung-mu-lu  

Ñaïi chaùnh taân tu Ñaïi taïng kinh toång muïc luïc [Comprehensive catalogue of the Taishoâ Revised Canon]. Taipei: Hsin-wen-feng, 1975.

Taishoâ shinshuø Dai Zoâkyoââ mokuroku kaitei shinpan  

[Revised and Corrected Catalog of the Taishoâ]. Tokyo: Taishoâ Shinshuø Issaikyoâ Kankoâkai, 1969.  

Handy one-volume guide to the Taishoâ.

Ta-tsang ching mu-lu. Taipei: Chung-hua Fo-chiao Wen-hua Kuan-ying yin Ta-tsang ching Wei-yuan hui, 1957.

Wan Hsu-tsang-ching tsung-mu-lu.  

Taipei: Hsin-wen-feng, 1977. 

020.2   CATALOGUES OF SCRIPTURAL COLLECTIONS

Akanuma, Chizen

Kan-Pa shibu shi-Agon gosho-roku (The Comparative Catalogue of Chinese Agamas and Pali Nikaayas). Nagoya: Hajinkaku Shoboâ, 1929.

Bukkyoâ Soâsho (Nanashuø) Soâsakuin  

[Comprehensive Index to Seven Collections of Buddhist Texts]. Tokyo: Meichoâ Fukyuusha, 1984.  

Adds three collections (namely Koryo Taejanggyong, Dai Nihon Bukkyoâ Zensho, Kokubun Toâhoâ Bukkyoâ Soâsho) to the four collections in the Harvard-Yenching version (next item below).

Chibetto Bunken Mokuroku Sakuin  

[English title: Index to the Catalog of Tibetan works kept in the OÂtani University Library]. Kyoto: OÂtani University Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute, 1985.

Chibetto dai zoâkyoâ soâ mokuroku (and sakuin) [Comprehensive Catalog (and Index) of the Tibetan Canon]. 2 vols. Sendai: Toâhoku Daigaku Honbu Gakubu, 1934.

Chibetto Dai Zoâkyoââ Soâ Mokuroku (and Sakuin)  

[Comprehensive Catalog (and Index) of the Tibetan Canon]. SenDai: Toâhoku Daigaku Honbu Gakubu, 1934. 2 vols.

Chibetto Senjutsu Butten Mokuroku  

[English title: A Catalogue of the Toâhoku University collection of Tibetan works on Buddhism]. Ed. Kanakura Yenshoâ et al. Sendai: Toâhoku Daigaku Bungakubu, 1953.

Daigaku shozoâ) Chibetto Daizokyoâ Narutan-ban Ronshobu mokuroku [English title: A comparative list of the Tibetan Tripitaka of Narthang edition (Bstan-hgyur division) with the Sde-dge edition]. Tokyo, 1967.

Harvard-Yenching Institute  

Fo-tsang tzu-mu yin-te [English title: Combined indices to the authors and titles in four collections of Buddhist literature]. Pei-p’ing: Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1933. 3 vols. (Sinological Index no. 11) 

Extremely useful index to authors, translators, titles, and section titles of all works included in the four principle collections of Chinese Buddhist texts: Dai Nihon Koâtei Shukusatsu Daizoâkyoââ, Dai Nihon Koâtei Zoâkyoââ, Dai Nihon Zoku Zoâkyoââ, and Taishoâ Shinshuø Dai Zoâkyoââ. The only index for finding titles of chapters within larger works.

Hsi-tsang ta tsang-ching tsung mu-lu.  

Ed. Yu-ching Po-shou et al. Tai-pei: Mi-le ch’u-pan she, 1982.

Hsü-tsang-ching yang-pen.  

Shanghai: Shang-wu yin-shu-kuan, 1923.

Kanakura Yenshoâ and al. Ed.  

Chibetto senjutsu butten mokuroku [English title: A catalogue of the Toâhoku University collection of Tibetan works on Buddhism]. Sendai: Toâhoku Daigaku Bungakubu, 1953.

Lewis R. Lancaster and Sung-bae Park. 

The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979. The most complete catalogue of the canon (but watch for misprints). Provides traditional catalogue references to each work listed, with complete information on Sanskrit and Tibetan editions (where available). May be used with the Taishoâ canon by referring to the index of Taishoâ numbers. Reviewed by Victor H. Mair, Journal of the American Oriental Society 103-2 (1983), 468-9.

Maeda, Eun, ed. 

Dai Nihon zoku zoâkyoâ soâmokuroku [Catalog of the Zokuzoâkyoâ]. Tokyo: Zoâkyoâ Shoin, 1967.

Mibu Taishun, ed.  

(Taishoâ Daigaku Shozoâ) Chibetto Daizokyoâ Narutan-ban Ronshobu Mokuroku [English title: A Comparative list of the Tibetan Tripitaka of Narthang edition (Bstan-hgyur division) with the Sde-dge edition]. Tokyo, 1967.

Mibu, Taishun, ed. 

(Taishoâ Hsin-hsiu ta-tsang ching tsung-mu-lu [Comprehensive catalogue of the Taishoâ Revised Canon]. Taipei: Hsin-wen-feng, 1975.

Nihon Bukkyoâ Tenseki Dai Jiten  

[Encyclopedic Bibliography of Japanese Buddhist Texts]. Ed. Kanaoka Shuøyuø. Tokyo: Yuøsankaku, 1986.

Nihon Bukkyoâ Zenshuø Soâsho Shiryoâ Soâran  

[Guide to Collections of Sources and Texts of Japanese Buddhism]. Ed. Oyamada Kazuo et al. Tokyo: Hon no Tomosha, 1986.

Nihon Bussho mokuroku [Catalog of Japanese Buddhist Literature]. 1983. Rpt. as part of Hsien-tai Fo-hsüeh ta-hsi (Taipei: Mi-le Ch'ü-pan-she, 1982).

Ono Genmyoâ, ed.  

Bussho Kaisetsu Dai Jiten [Encyclopedia of Buddhist literature with explanations]. Tokyo: DaiToâ Shuppan, 1933-1936, 1974, 1988. 15 vols.  

The most comprehensive listing of East Asian Buddhist texts. Provides detailed summaries by recognized experts on each text; alternate titles from catalogues; Sanskrit and Tibetan titles, where appropriate; information on translation. The supplement (Bekkan: Butten soâron, 1936) includes biographical information on major translators and complete listings of traditional catalogues. Vols. 11-12 (1974) provide useful overviews and critiques of the works of modern Japanese Buddhist scholars and cover traditional works passed over in the original edition. Vol. 15 (Choâshabetsu Shomei Mokuroku, 1988) consists of a comprehensive index by authors. A Chinese index for vols. 1-10 is available.

Shoâwa Hoâboâ Mokuroku (Taishoâ Shinshuø Dai Zoâkyoââ Bekkan). Tokyo: Taishoâ Issaikyoâ Kankoâkai, 1929-1934. 3 vols. 

Reprints all extant catalogues for every collection of scriptures and edition of the canon known to Japanese scholars ca. 1930.

Taishoâ shinshuø dai zoâkyoâ mokuroku kaitei shinpan [Revised and Corrected Catalog of the Taishoâ]. Tokyo: Taishoâ Shinshuø Issaikyoâ Kankoâkai, 1969. [In progress] Handy one-volume guide to the Taishoâ.

Ta-tsang ching mu-lu. Taipei: Chung-hua Fo-chiao Wen-hua Kuan-ying yin Ta-tsang ching Wei-yuan hui, 1957.

Tongguk taehakkyo pulgyo munhwa yon'guso, eds. 

Han'guk pulgyo ch'ansul munhon ch'ongnok [A Comprehensive Catalogue of Korean Buddhist Works and Materials]. Seoul: Tongguk Taehakkyo Ch'ulp'anbu, 1976. Complete references to classical Korean Buddhist literature, both extant and nonextant, culling from all catalogue references to works by Korean authors. Lists all extant editions.

Wan Hsi-tsang-ching tsung-mu-lu. Taipei: Hsin-wen-feng, 1977.

Yi Usong and al., eds. 

Kory~o taejanggy~ong, vol. 48: chongmongnok, haeje, saegin [Catalogue to the Kory~o canon with Descriptions and Indexes]. Seoul: Tongguk University, 1976.

Yu-ching Po-shou and al. Ed.  

Hsi-tsang ta tsang-ching tsung mu-lu. Tai-pei: Mi-le ch'u-pan she, 1982. Rpt. of 1934 Toâhoku catalog.  

030 BUDDHIST ENCYCLOPEDIA & DICTIONARIES: GENERAL TERMINOLOGY

Ainslie T. Embree Ed. 

Encyclopedia of Asian History. 4 vols. New York: Scribner, 1988.

Bukkyoâ Bunka Jiten  

[Encyclopedia of Buddhist Cultures]. Ed. Kanaoka Shuøyuø, Yanagawa Keiichi, Suganuma Akira, Tamaru Noriyoshi. Tokyo: Koâsei Shuppansha, 1989.  

Comprehensive treatment of Buddhism’s impact on Asian cultures down to modern times. Good for brief overviews of the broad sociological, artistic, political,etc., developments ignored by traditional Buddhist reference works.

Bukkyoâ Dai Ji  

[Encyclopedic Buddhist Glossary]. Ed. Ryuøkoku University Buddhist Studies Department. 1935. 6 vols. Rpt. by Tokyo: Fuzanboo, 1972. 7 vols. Especially useful for Pure Land doctrines, but also unusually detailed coverage of plants, icons, proper names, and rituals.

Bukkyoâ Dai Jiten: Buddhica [Comprehensive Dictionary of Buddhica]. Ed. Furuta Shoâkin et al. Tokyo: Shoâgakkan, 1988.

Bukkyoâ Indo Shisoâ Jiten [Dictionary of Indian and Buddhist Thought]. Ed. Hayashima Kyoâshoâ and Takasaki Jikidoâ. Tokyo: Shunjuøsha, 1987.

Bukkyoâ Tetsugaku Dai Jiten  

[(The Soâkagakkai) Encyclopedia of Buddhist Philosophy]. Ed. Ikeda Daisaku and Soâka Gakkai Kyoâgakubu. Tokyo: Soâka Gakkai, 1964-1970. 6 vols. Soâkagakkai interpretations of Buddhist terms. Useful for studying works of Nichiren; suspect for other strata of materials.

David L. Stills Ed. 

International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 18 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1968)

Doré, Henri 

Researches sur les superstitions chinoises. 18 vols. 1911-1918. Partial trans. M. Kennelly, D.J. Finn, and L.F. McGreat, Researches Into Chinese Superstitions. 11 vols. Shanghai, 1914-1938. Rpt. Taipei, 1966-1967.

Ed. Mizuno Koâgen. 

Nanden dai zoâkyoâ soâsakuin [Comprehensive Index to the Pali Canon]. 3 vols. Tokyo: Nihon Gakujutsu Shinkoâkai, 1959-1960.

Eliade, Mircea, ed. 

The Encyclopedia of Religion. 15 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1987. Contains state-of-the-art articles (many with extensive bibliographies) by the best contemporary scholars; coverage includes Buddhist history, ideology, and terminology.

Encyclopedia of Asian History. Ed. Ainslie T. Embree. New York: Scribner, 1988. 4 vols.

Fo-kuang ta tz’u-tien.  

[Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Buddha Light]. Ed. Hsing-yun. T’ai-wan: Fo-kuang Ch’u-pan she, 1989. 8 vols. ; Rpt. Peking: Commercial Press, 1993.  

The best Chinese-to-Chinese dictionary of Buddhism, occasionally lists information not found even in Japanese dictionaries.

Groât, Jan Jakob Maria de. 

The Religious System of China. 6 vols. Leiden, 1892-1910.

Hakuju Ui 

Bukkyoø jiten. Tokyo: 1969

Hastings, James, ed.  

Hastings Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. New York, 1908-1926. 13 vols.  

The sections on Buddhism still stand as testaments to the high levels of scholarship attained by early scholars of the “French School.”

Hoâboâgirin: Dictionnaire encyclopeùdique du bouddhisme d’apreøs les sources chinoise et japonaises. Paul Demieùville, editor-in-chief. Tokyo: 1929-1983-1995-.  

More a collection of research articles than encyclopedic surveys; by top international Buddhologists. Entries listed by Japanese romanization, but in Roman order. Complete only through “Daishi” (vol. 7).

Hsing-yun Ed. 

Fo-kuang ta tz'u-tien [Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Buddha Light]. 8 vols.. T'ai-wan: Fo-kuang Ch'u-pan she, 1989; Rpt. Peking: Commercial Press, 1993. The best Chinese-to-Chinese dictionary of Buddhism, occasionally lists information not found even in Japanese dictionaries.

Ikeda Daisaku and Soâka Gakkai Kyoâgakubu Ed. 

Bukkyoâ tetsugaku dai jiten [(The Soâkagakkai) Encyclopedia of Buddhist Philosophy]. 6 vols. Tokyo: Soâka Gakkai, 1964-1970. Soâkagakkai interpretations of Buddhist terms. Useful for studying works of Nichiren; suspect for other strata of materials.

International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. David L. Stills. New York: Macmillan, 1968. 18 vols.

Itasaka Gen Ed. 

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan.. 9 vols. Tokyo: Koâdansha, 1983.

Iwamoto Yutaka 

Nihon Bukkyoâgo Jiten. [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist terms]. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1988.  

Based on how Buddhist terms are used in pre-modern literature. Extremely useful for Japanese popular understandings of Buddhist vocabulary.

James Hastings Ed. 

Hastings Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. 13 vols. New York, 1908-1926. The sections on Buddhism still stand as testaments to the high levels of scholarship attained by early scholars of the "French Schoâl."

Kanaoka Shuøyuø, Yanagawa Keiichi, Suganuma Akira, Tamaru Noriyoshi Ed. 

Bukkyoâ bunka jiten [Encyclopedia of Buddhist Cultures].. Tokyo: Koâsei Shuppansha, 1989. Comprehensive treatment of Buddhism's impact on Asian cultures down to modern times. Goâd for brief overviews of the broad sociological, artistic, political (etc.) developments ignored by traditional Buddhist reference works.

Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Edited by Itasaka Gen. Tokyo: Koâdansha, 1983. 9 vols.

Kohn, Michael H., trans. 

The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen. Boston: Shambhala, 1991.

Leâ Maïnh Thaùt, comp. 

Töø ñieån baùch khoa Phaät giaùo Vieät Nam I, II [Encyclopedic Dictionary of Vietnamese Buddhism]; compiled by Leâ Maïnh Thaùt. VanHanh University Press. 1981

Malalasekera, G. P., ed.  

Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Colombo: Government of Sri Lanka, 1961.  

Compehensive range of articles, many of very high quality. (hereafter referred to as EoB).

Mochizuki Shinkoâ 

Bukkyoâ dai jiten [Encyclopedia of Buddhism]. 7 vols., 1933-1936. Rev. ed. 10 vols. Kyoto: Seikai Seiten Kankoâ Kyoâkai, 1954-1963. Popularly known as the Mochizuki jiten. The definitive source for all areas of East Asian Buddhist studies. Useful for its numerous citations of original sources. Principally for research use, not quick reference. A Chinese index for vols. 1-6 is available. Note that vols. 1-7, 8, and 9-10 are indexed separately.

Nakamura Hajime  

Bukkyoâgo Dai Jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist Technical Terms]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1975.3 vols.  

Doctrinal terms only; no proper nouns. Best dictionary for correct Japanese pronunciation of Buddhist terms; good for Sanskrit equivalencies, but explanations tend to be too simplistic.

Nakamura Hajime  

Iwanami Bukkyoâ jiten [The Iwanami Dictionary of Buddhism]. Ed. Nakamura Hajime. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1989.  

Probably the best of the recently published Japanese one-volume dictionaries of Buddhism.

Nakamura Hajime  

Shin Bukkyoâ jiten [New (concise) Buddhist Dictionary]. 1962. Rev. ed. Tokyo: Sieshin Shoboo, 1980.  

Simple explanations, but useful for thematic entries on modern concepts such as “love,” or “Indian Buddhism.”

Nakamura Hajime  

Zusetsu Bukkyoâgo dai jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist Iconographic Terms]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1988.

New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 15th ed. 32 vols. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1992. Entries in the "Macropoedia" (vols. 13-29) are quite detailed.

Nyanatiloka, Thera 

Buddhist Dictionary: a Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines. Compiled by Nyanatiloka. Colombo: Freewin, 1950.

Oda Tokunoâ  

Bukkyoâ Dai jiten [Dictionary of Buddhism]. Tokyo: OÂkura Shoten, 1920.  

Popularly known as the Oda jiten. One of the best small dictionaries for quick reference to traditional explanations of doctrinal terms.

Omura Seigai, ed. 

Nihon Daizoâkyoâ bussho kaidai [Abstract of Buddhist texts in Nihon Daizoâkyoâ]. 2 vols. Tokyo: Zoâkyoâ Shoin, 1922.

Paul Demiéville, editor-in-chief  

Hoâboâgirin: Dictionnaire encyclopédique du bouddhisme d'après les sources chinoise et japonaises. Tokyo: 1929-1983-1995-. More a collection of research articles than encyclopedic surveys; by top international Buddhologists. Entries listed by Japanese romanization, but in Roman order. Complete only through "Daishi" (vol. 7).

Prebish, Charles S., ed. 

Historical Dictionary of Buddhism. Scarecrow Press, 1993. 387p. (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies and Movements, no. 1)

Ryuøkoku University Buddhist Studies Department Ed. 

Bukkyoâ dai jii [Encyclopedic Buddhist Glossary]. 6 vols. 1935. Rpt. 7 vols. Tokyo: Fuzanboâ, 1972. Especially useful for Pure Land doctrines, but also unusually detailed coverage of plants, icons, proper names, and rituals.

Sun Tsu-lieh  

Fo-hsueh hsiao tz’u-tien [Concise dictionary of Buddhist studies]. Shanghai: Shang-hai I-hsueh Shu-chu, 1928.

Taya Raishun et al., ed.  

Bukkyoâgaku Jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist doctrines]. Kyoto: Hoâzookan, 1957.  

Popularly known as the Taya jiten. Concise but detailed treatment of standard doctrinal terms. Extremely useful.

Ting Fu-pao, ed.  

Fo-hsueh ta-tz’u-tien [Dictionary of Buddhist doctrinal terminology]. 1925; reprint ed., Peking: Wen-wu Ch’u-p’an-she, 1984.  

Widely used for Buddhist studies until the publication of the Fo-kuang dictionary, the Ting dictionary mainly consists of a translation of Oda Tokunoo’s Japanese Bukkyoâ dai jiten. Some textual references.

Toâgaku Daigakkoâ Bukkyoâ Bunka Kenkyuøjo Ed.  

Kankoku Bussho kaidai jiten [Descriptive Dictionary of Korean Buddhist Texts].. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1982.

Ui Hakuju, ed.  

(Konsaisu) Bukkyoâ Jiten [Concise Buddhist Dictionary]. Tokyo: Daitoâ Shuppan, 1938.  

Popularly known as the Ui jiten. In spite of its small size this pioneering effort still contains more entries than any other dictionary. Some of its entires (such as ryakuji, “abbreviated characters”) are uniquely useful.

Yi Usong and al., eds.  

Koâryoâ dai zoâkyoâ soâmokuroku, sakuin, kaidai (Nihongo-yaku). Kyoto: Doâhoâsha, 1978. (Japanese translation of the above)

030 DICTIONARIES, GENRAL & COMPREHENSIVE 

033.5 WORKS USEFUL FOR CHAN STUDIES

Gao Wenda  

Jindai hanyu cidian. Beijing: Zhishi chubanshe, 1991. 

The 13,000 expressions featured in this dictionary stem mostly from vernacular literature from the end of the Tang to the Qing period. It describes many expressions used in particular regions and proverbs or standing expressions that are usually not included in dictionaries. Genres of literature that the compilers drew from include Chan records, Dunhuang bianwen, novels, and plays. Rich in examples and broad in coverage.

Jiang Lihong (Chiang Li-hung).  

Dunhuang bianwen ciyi tongshi. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1959; revised and enlarged edition 1962; fifth revised and enlarged edition, Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe1988; Taiwan reprints, Taipei: Muduo chubanshe, 1961; Taipei: Guting shuwu, 1975.  

Entries are arranged in six chapters according to content or grammatical function; the fourcorner index appended for instance to the 1961 Taiwan reprint facilitates locating entries considerably (for an introduction to this practical system of classifying characters and expressions, see Electronic Bodhidharma no. 2, pp. 17-26 ). As Iriya points out in his review (Chugoku bungakuhoâ11 [1959.10]), this work is the first research product based on Wang Zhongmin's Bianwenji. Contains many examples from bianwen in Wang's book but draws also on sources from other literary genres. A valuable reading aid, but the reader is warned by Iriya against uncritical reliance on the author's definitions. Iriya's index of colloquial terms of the Bianwenji (1961) supplies many examples of expressions current in Chan texts (such as zhishi, zaoshi, etc.) that are not found in this book.

Liu Jian et al.  

Tangdai shiciyu cidiangu cidian. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 1992.  

This new dictionary, published by the institution which has already input massive amounts of data (for example all poems of the official Tang collection as well as the entire Quantangwen), may be one of the first reference works in this field to have been written by people with access to lots of electronic text. This dictionary is arranged by pinyin pronunciation and includes a stroke count index both for expressions and literary allusions. Unfortunately printed in simplified characters, the entries usually give a concise modern Chinese definition of the term in question and support each meaning by at least one quote from a Tang poem.

Liu Jiexiu  

Hanyu chengyu gaoshi cidian. Beijing: Shangwu yinshu 1991.  

A useful dictionary by a group of specialists. A particularly welcome and unique feature is the appended four-corner index to similar phrases and sayings; this lists not only variations and sometimes parts of phrases but also all entries of the main body.

Lu Dan'an  

Xiaoshuo ciyu huishi. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1962.  

"This is a phrase dictionary of colloquial expressions used in Chinese novels written from the Yüan to the end of the Ch'ing dynasty. All entries (estimated 8400) are listed at the beginning of the volume, arranged by the number of strokes. Each entry is given a simple definition followed by a quotation, with indication of source.

Lu Tanan  

Xiqu ciyu huishi. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe, 1981.

Nishiguchi Yoshio  

"Toâdai zenja seisotsuhyoâ" in: Iriya Yoshitaka. Baso no goroku. Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1974.  

This is a table that indicates the life spans of some of the most noted Tang and Five Dynasties Chan masters. Having them all on one sheet gives an interesting perspective on possible biographical and doctrinal relations.

OÂta Tatsuo  

Chuøgokugo rekishi bunpoâ. Kyoto: Hoâyuø shoten, 1958; Chinese translation published by Beijing daxue chubanshe, 1983.  

A classic in its field and destined to become a true longseller. Though structured as a grammar with word categories and period indications that are sometimes difficult to follow, this book can be used as a reference work because of its good Pinyin index. Prof. Iriya has pointed out that sometimes the historical change in meaning and usage of terms could be more clearly defined, but overall this book is very useful for any careful reader of Chan texts with an interest in language and its functio ning.

OÂta Tatsuo 

Chuøgoku rekidai koâgobun. Kyoto: Hoâyuø shoten, 1957. [revised edition 1982] 

A reader for vernacular Chinese throughout the ages, with extensive notes that are included in the general pinyin index. One chapter is devoted to the Zutangji, another one to Zhuxi's Yulei. Surprisingly instructive booklet.

OÂta Tatsuo 

Chuøgokugoshi tsuøko. Tokyo: Hakusuisha, 1988. Translated into Chinese under the title Hanyushi tongkao, published by Zhongqing chubanshe. A collection of papers. Of special interest for Chan studies are the "Sodoâshuø gohoâ gaisetsu" and "Chuøko gohoâ gaisetsu"

Qu Shouyue (Chu Shou-yueh)  

Zonggu ciyu kaoshi xubian. Taipei: Yiwen yinshuguan, n.d.

Qu Shouyue (Chu Shou-yueh) 

Zhonggu ciyu kaoshi xubian. Taipei: Yiwen yinshuguan, 1972.  

As the author indicates in the foreword, this book takes up medieval words and expressions that are found in texts of the Chinese Buddhist canon. Medieval' refers to the period between the Eastern Han and the beginning of Tang. Occurrences of each item are collected and arranged according to usage, and based on these examples the author interprets its meaning(s). Sometimes earlier meanings, different usages of the period, and later evolutions are taken into account. Useful for the student of Ch an texts as a link to earlier usage of terms in Buddhist texts.

Qu Shouyue (Chu Shou-yueh) 

Zonggu ciyu kaoshi. Taipei: Yiwen yinshuguan. 1968. 

Similar in content to the second part described in the next entry.

Teng (nguyen ten?) and Biggerstaff 

An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971 

An index of the pinyin pronunciation of the entries was published by Sato (1983; see below).

Tian Zongyao (Tien Tsung-yao)  

A Dictionary of Colloquial Terms and Expressions in Chinese Vernacular Fiction. Taipei: Shin Wen Feng, 1972. 

This dictionary contains approximately 32,000 colloquial expressions used in Chinese vernacular fiction. "Because it is mainly for the study of Chinese vernacular fictions, the majority of the entries are colloquial. Single-character words and four-character set phrases already available in other dictionaries are generally excluded unless their meaning in vernacular fictions differ from those in everyday use." (The quality of English in this quote from the preface is typical for the whole work). Entries are arranged by Pinyin transcription (but a radical-based index is included), and all tones are indicated. Where tonal differences affect the meaning of a compound, it is listed separately. Each entry consists of Chinese characters, Pinyin transcription, English rendering or explanation, and source indication. Mr. Tian drew his examples from a large mass of vernacular fiction; he lists seventy works. Unfortunately they are only listed by title without further details.

Wang Dongming et al. 

Song yuan ming qing baibu xiaoshuo yuci dacidian. Changan: Shanxi Renmin jia chubanshe, 1992.  

The list of often quoted sources (pp. 1362-1366) shows how broadly the editors read to compile this large dictionary. Though no specific Chan literature was used, this dictionary can be useful for occasionally finding a rare _expression that found its way into Song or later popular literature. The explanations about expressions are very short, and usually no more than one example is given in support.

Wang Ying 

Shiciqu yuci jishi. Beijing: Yuwen chubanshe, 1987. 

The author's main interest is grammar; this work thus contains not too many vernacular expressions (from the Tang to the Ming periods) but goes into great detail in explaining their grammatical function. The most useful part may well be the index to ten different Chinese books of similar thrust, for example Zhang Xiang's classic work (1953).

Wen Duanzheng  

Zhongguo suyu dacidian. Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 1989. The reference work explains about 15,000 vernacular expressions; many of them are of the kind that was so well known at one point in time that only the first or second part was uttered. The explanations are often very detailed, and many examples are included. A quite useful work; it is a pity that the stroke count index at the end does not list the second parts of phrases.

Zhang Xiang  

Shi ci qu yu ci huishi. Shanghai: Zhonghua shuju, 1953; rev. ed. 1980. An extensive collection of colloquial expressions, particles, etc. found in the literary genres of shi, ciå, and qu. A time-tested reading aid for the student of vernacular and vernacular-influenced literature (such as Chan records). Gives one or several meanings of a given character or _expression and provides a profusion of quotes which serve as examples of usage. Prof. Iriya has analysed the author's way of arriving at meanings and advises users t o have a good look at the plentiful examples rather than blindly trusting the author's definitions. Includes a table of contents of its 6 fascicles and a stroke-count index. This work is indexed, together with nine other Chinese books of similar thrust, in Wang Ying (1987).

Zhu Juyi  

Yuanju suyu fangyan lishi. Shanghai: Commercial Press, 1956. "This is a dictionary of about one thousand colloquial and slang expressions used in the dramas of the Yuan dynasty. Under each phrase is given a simple definition with its equivalent in literary Chinese, or an explanation followed by a few examples with indication of sources. There is a four-corner index. Teng and Biggerstaff, An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works. Cambridg e, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971. 

034 BUDDHIST ENCYCLOPEDIA & DICTIONARIES, MULTILINGUAL

A Dictionary of Buddhism: Chinese-Sanskrit-English-Thai. Bangkok: Chinese Buddhist Order of Sangha in Thailand [sic], 1976. [Available through Northern Regional Library Facility, 415/642-6233; NOT at UCLA] Occasionally useful for numerical lists and for deciphering the Chinese transliterations of Sanskrit proper names.

A Dictionary of Buddhism: Chinese-Sanskrit-English-Thai. Edited by the 

Chinese Buddhist Order of Sangha in Thailand. Bangkok: 1976. Useful for numerical lists and for deciphering the Chinese transliterations of Sanskrit proper names.

Akanuma Chizen  

Indo Bukkyoâ koyuø meishi jiten [Dictionary of Indian Buddhist proper nouns]. Kyoto: Hoâzookan, 1967.  

Pali words arranged according to Roman alphabet, and Chinese transliterations, with references to Taishoâ and Pali Text Society editions.

Akanuma Chizen. 

Indo Bukkyoâ koyuø meishi jiten [Dictionary of Indian Buddhist proper nouns]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1967. Pali words arranged according to Roman alphabet, and Chinese transliterations, with references to Taishoâ and Pali Text Society editions.

Buddhadatta, Ambalangoda  

English-Pali Dictionary. Columbo: Buddhist Publication Society, 1955.

Byodo Tsusho, ed.  

Kokugo ni Haitta Bongo Jiten [Dictionary of Sanskrit words that have entered the Japanese Language]. Tokyo: Nakayama Shobo, 1978.

Cho Myonggi and Min Yonggyu, eds.  

FHan’guk pulgyo taesajon [Encyclopedia of Korean Buddhism]. Seoul: Poryon’gak, 1982. 7 vols.

Conze, Edward 

Materials for a Dictionary of the Prajnaparamita Literature. Tokyo: Suzuki Research Foundation, 1967. Valuable for English equivalences of Sanskrit Mahaayaana Buddhist terms. Arranged in Sanskrit alphabetical order.

Das, Sarat Chandra, 1849-1917.  

Tibetan-English Buddhist historical glossary. Corrected by S.K. Gupta. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1990.

De Koros, Alexander Csoma 

Sanskrit-Tibetan-English Vocabulary: Being an Edition and Translation of the Mahaavyutpatti. Buddhica, no. 8. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1982. Important for numerical lists and Sanskrit-Chinese equivalencies. NOTE: The Ogiwara version of the Mahaavyutpatti is more useful (see additional comments under that entry).

Edgerton, Franklin 

Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953. [UCLA Indo-European Library, top floâr of Royce] Includes only those terms used exclusively or peculiarly in Buddhist texts (does not list nirvaa.na, for example).

Eitel, Ernest J. 

Handbook of Chinese Buddhism; being a Sanskrit-Chinese dictionary with vocabularies of Buddhist Terms. Ed. by Ernest J. Eitel, with a Chinese index by K. Takakuwa. Tokyo: Sanshusha. 1904.

Ekoâ (1656-1737) 

Kikitsu yakudoshuø [Collection of (Flowering) Trees (that Bloâm Differently when) Transplanted to Different Lands]. 26 fasc. Rpt. as Bongo jiten [Sanskrit-Japanese Dictionary]. Tokyo: Tetsugakkan, 1898.

Fa-yun (1088-1158).  

Fan-i ming-i chi (Jpn. Hon’yaku myoâgishuø) [Collection of Translated Terms], compiled in 1143. 7 vols. in 1 case. 1628 Japanese wood-block print.  

This work is a Sanskrit-Chinese dictionary and a study of the various Chinese translations in use for Sanskrit Buddhist terms. This 1628 edition is the oldest extant version of this text—truly a rare treasure! [Note: When considering traditional Chinese glossaries of transliteratied terms, do not forget the various yin-i (Jpn. ongi, “transcription dictionaries”) included in scripture collections.]

Furuta Shoâkin and al Ed. 

Bukkyoâ dai jiten: Buddhica [Comprehensive Dictionary of Buddhica]. Tokyo: Shoâgakkan, 1988.

Hayashima ed. 

Bukkyoâ Indo shisoâ jiten [Dictionary of Indian and Buddhist Thought]. Kyoâshoâ, Takasaki Jikidoâ. Tokyo: Shunjuøsha, 1987.

Hayashima Kyoâshoâ and Takasaki Jikidoâ ed. 

Bukkyoâ Indo shisoâ jiten [Dictionary of Indian and Buddhist Thought]. Tokyo: Shunjuøsha, 1987.

Hsing-yun Ed. 

Fo-kuang ta tz'u-tien [Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Buddha Light]. 8 vols.. T'ai-wan: Fo-kuang Ch'u-pan she, 1989; Rpt. Peking: Commercial Press, 1993. The best Chinese-to-Chinese dictionary of Buddhism, occasionally lists information not found even in Japanese dictionaries.

Inagaki Hisao and P.G. O’Neill.  

A Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Terms: Based on References in Japanese Literature. Kyoto: Nagata Bunshoâdoâ, 1984. 3d ed. 1988. Terms referenced derive primarily from Japanese Heian- and Kamakura-period literature. Many important Buddhist terms not common in literature were omitted.

Inagaki, Hisao 

A Glossary of Zen Terms. Kyoto: Nagata Bunshoâdoâ, 1991. Not very useful.

Inagaki, Hisao, with P.G. O'Neill 

A Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Terms: Based on References in Japanese Literature. Kyoto: Nagata Bunshoâdoâ, 1984. 3d ed. 1988. Terms referenced derive primarily from Japanese Heian- and Kamakura-period literature. Many important Buddhist terms not common in literature were omitted.

Iwamoto Yutaka 

Nihon Bukkyoâgo jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist terms]. Tokyo: Heibonsha, 1988. Based on how Buddhist terms are used in pre-modern literature. Extremely useful for Japanese popular understandings of Buddhist vocabulary.

Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Nichi-Ei Bukkyoâ jiten). Kyoto: Daitoâ Shuppansha, 1965. Arranged by romanized Japanese pronunciation of Buddhist terms; kanji index. Inadequate even for proper nouns; doctrinal definitions are toâ simple. Avoid using.

Kumoi Shoâzen 

Pa-Wa shoâ jiten [Concise dictionary of Pali and Japanese]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1961. Arranged in Pali order; provides Sanskrit, various Chinese equivalents, and Japanese definition.

Leâ Maïnh Thaùt 

Töø ñieån Phaïn-Vieät [Sanskrit-Vietnamese Dictionary]. Comp. by Leâ Maïnh Thaùt. VanHanh University Press. 1981

Maruyama Tatsuon, ed.  

Sanskrit-Japanese Dictionary of Dharanis. [Japanese title: Darani Jiten]. Reproduced by Lokesh Chandra. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1981.

Maruyama Tatsuon, ed. 

Sanskrit-Japanese dictionary of dharanis. [Japanese title: Darani jiten]. Reproduced by Lokesh Chandra. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1981.

Mizuno Koâgen  

Paørigo Jiten [Paøli-Japanese Dictionary]. Tokyo: Shunjusha, 1968.

Monier-Williams, Sir Monier 

A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. 1899; reprint ed., Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1979.

Nakamura Hajime  

Shin Bukkyoâ jiten [New (concise) Buddhist Dictionary]. 1962. Rev. ed. Tokyo: Sieshin Shoboâ, 1980. Simple explanations, but useful for thematic entries on modern concepts such as "love," or "Indian Buddhism."

Nakamura Hajime  

Zusetsu Bukkyoâgo dai jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist iconographic terms]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1988.

Nakamura Hajime Ed. 

Iwanami Bukkyoâ jiten [The Iwanami Dictionary of Buddhism]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1989. Probably the best of the recently published Japanese one-volume dictionaries of Buddhism.

Nakamura Hajime 

Bukkyoâgo dai jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist technical terms]. 3 vols. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1975. Doctrinal terms only; no proper nouns. Best dictionary for correct Japanese pronunciation of Buddhist terms; goâd for Sanskrit equivalencies, but explanations tend to be toâ simplistic.

Nyanatiloka 

Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines. Third revised and enlarged ed. Colombo, Frewin and Co., 1972.

Oda Tokunoâ 

Bukkyoâ dai jiten [Dictionary of Buddhism]. Tokyo: oâkura Shoten, 1920. Popularly known as the Oda jiten. One of the best small dictionaries for quick reference to traditional explanations of doctrinal terms.

Ogiwara Unrai [a.k.a., Wogihara Unrai], ed.  

Bon-Wa dai Jiten [originally subtitled: The Sanskrit-Chinese Dictionary of Buddhist Technical Terms based on the Mahaøvyutpatti]. Tokyo, 1915. 20 fascicles. Rpt. Tokyo: Sankiboâ, 1959. Revised ed. Tokyo: Suzuki Gakujutsu Zaidan, 1934-1974.  

The Mahaøvyutpatti was compiled as a Sanskrit-Tibetan translation guide in 8^th-9^th century Tibet. During the Mongol rule Chinese equivalencies were added, and during the Ming dynasty Mongolian was added. Ogiwara’s version marks errors with “!” and places corrections in brackets, as well as adding many new entries. Arranged in Sanskrit alphabetical order. Includes Chinese equivalencies and/or Japanese definitions, and Sanskrit textual references.

Rhys Davids, T.W. and William Stede, eds. 

Pali-English Dictionary. 1921-1925. Rpt. ed., London: Pali Text Society, 1972.

Rigzin, Tsepak  

Nan don rig pa’i min tshig Bod-Dbyin san sbyar [English title: Tibetan-English dictionary of Buddhist terminology]. Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1986.

Rosenberg, Otto 

Introduction to the Study of Buddhism according to the Material Preserved in Japan and China. Part 1 Vocabulary. A survey of Buddhist terms and names arranged according to radicals with Japanese reading and Sanscrit equivalents. Tokyo, 1916. Chrestomathy of Chinese Buddhist doctrinal terms, citing references in sixteen earlier Japanese dictionaries where discussion of the term is found. Especially useful for Chinese transliterations of Sanskrit.

Sarat Chandra Das (1849-1917) 

Tibetan-English Buddhist historical glossary. Corrected by S.K. Gupta. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1990.

Sasaki Ryoâzaburoâ, ed.  

(Bon-Zoâ Kan-Wa shiyaku taikoâ) Hanyaku myoâgishuø [(Sanskrit, Tibetan, Chinese, Japanese Four Language Edition of) The Mahaøvyutpatti].Kyoto, 1916. 2 vols.  

The Chinese translations in this version are even better than Ogiwara’s 1915 edition, but the index is not as complete.

Soâthill, William Edward and Lewis Hodous 

A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms: with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. 1937; reprint ed., Taipei, 1962. Definitions are generally accurate for T'ien-t'ai texts, but very superficial. Not always reliable for other strata of material.

Sun, Tsu-lieh 

Fo-hsüeh hsiao tz'u-tien [Concise dictionary of Buddhist studies]. Shanghai: Shang-hai I-hsüeh Shu-chü, 1928.

Ta-chi fa-men ching [Great collection of dharma doctrines]. T no. 12, 1:226c-233b. Most Nikaaya (i.e., H"nayaana) numerical lists included systematically. Ting Fu-pao and Huang Chung-li, eds. San-tsang fa-shu [Dharma lists from the canon]. Taipei: Hsin-wen-feng, 1980. [In process]

Taya Raishun et al., ed 

Bukkyoâgaku jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist doctrines]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1957. Popularly known as the Taya jiten. Concise but detailed treatment of standard doctrinal terms. Extremely useful.

Ting Fu-pao, ed. 

Fo-hsüeh ta-tz'u-tien [Dictionary of Buddhist doctrinal terminology]. 1925; reprint ed., Peking: Wen-wu Ch'u-p'an-she, 1984. Widely used for Buddhist studies until the publication of the Fo-kuang dictionary, the Ting dictionary mainly consists of a translation of Oda Tokunoâ's Japanese Bukkyoâ dai jiten. Some textual references.

Tsepak Rigzin 

Nan don rig pa'i min tshig Bod-Dbyin san sbyar [English title: Tibetan-English dictionary of Buddhist terminology]. Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1986.

Ui Hakuju, ed. 

(Konsaisu) Bukkyoâ jiten [Concise Buddhist Dictionary]. Tokyo: Daitoâ Shuppan, 1938. Popularly known as the Ui jiten. In spite of its small size this pioneering effort still contains more entries than any other dictionary. Some of its entires (such as ryakuji, "abbreviated characters") are uniquely useful.

Yi Unho ed. 

Pulgyo sajon [Dictionary of Buddhism]. 1961; Rpt. Seoul: Hongbobwon, 1971. For quick reference only.

Yi-ju (d. 1435) and al., eds. 

Ta-Ming san-tsang fa-shu [Dharma lists from the canon of the great Ming (dynasty)]. In 50 chüan. Rpt. ed.: Taipei: Hsin-wen-feng, 1978. Arranged in numerical order, from 1 through 84,000; index at beginning.  

040 DICTIONARIES ON SPECIFIC SUBJECTS 

041 BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARIES & PERSONAL NAMES

Akanuma Chizen 

Indo Bukkyoâ Koyuø Meishi Jiten [Dictionary of Indian Buddhist proper nouns]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1967.  

Pali words arranged according to Roman alphabet, and Chinese transliterations, with references to Taishoâ and Pali Text Society editions.

Ch’en Yuan  

Shih-shih i-nien lu [Birth- and death-dates of Buddhist monks]. Peking: Chung-hua Shu-chu, 1964. Rpt. (with index) as part of Hsien-tai Fo-hsueh ta-hsi (Taipei: Mi-le Chu-pan-she, 1982).  

Invaluable source for dating of Chinese monks, from 200-1698, arranged chronologically. An index to the book, arranged by the final character of the monks’ names, is available in the next item:

Chao Wei-pang and Yeh Te-lu, compilers.  

“Shih-shih i-nien-lu t’ung-chien.” Fu-jen hsueh-chih 9-2 (Dec., 1940). 16 pp.

Chuøgoku Bungaku Senmonka Jiten [Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Specialists in Chinese Literature]. Tokyo: Nichigai Association, 1980.

Chuøgoku jinmei jiten: kodai kara gendai made [Biographical Dictionary of China from Ancient to Modern Times]. Tokyo: Nichigai Association, 1993.

Doâmei ijin jiten [Biographical Dictionary of Famous Japanese with the Same Names]. Tokyo: Nichigai Association, 1988.

Doâsei iyomi jinmei jiten [Dictionary of Names Written the Same, but Read Differently]. Tokyo: Nichigai Association, 1988.

Granoff, Phyllis & Koichi Shinohara 

Monks and Magicians: Religious biographies in Asia. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1994.

Haga Noboru and al Ed.. 

Nihon joâsei jinmei jiten [Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Women]. Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Senta, 1993.

Ichikoâ Teiji and al Ed. 

Kokusho jinmei jiten [Biographical Dictionary of National Authors]. 2 vols. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1993-1995. Provides biographical information about every single known Japanese author. Includes entries for many individuals not discussed in any other reference work.

Kaimyoâ hoâmyoâ shingoâ senreimei dai Jiten  

[Dictionary of Buddhist posthumous and honorary names]. Tokyo: Kamakura Shinsho, 1981.

Malalasekera, George Peiris  

Dictionary of Pali Proper Names. New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Co., 1983. 2 vols.

Nakano Takashi  

Nihon Meisoâ Jiten [Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Monks and Nuns]. Tokyo: ToâkyoâDoâ Shuppan, 1976.

Nichigai Association Ed. 

Go, betsumei jiten [Dictoionary of Japanese Pseudonyms and Literary Names].. Tokyo: Kinokuniya Shoten, 1990.

Nichigai Association Ed. 

Jinmei yomikata jiten [Dictionary of Readings of Japanese Names]. 2 vols. Tokyo: Kinokuniya Shoten, 1983. Revised edition: Jinmei yomikata jiten [English title: Guide to reading of each Japanese family names]. Edited by Nichigai Asoshietsu. 2 vols. Tokyo: Nichigai Asoshietsu and Kinokuniya Shoten, 1994. Vol. 1 covers family names and vol. 2 covers personal names.

Nihon Bukkyoâ Jinmei Jiten  

[Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Buddhism]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1992.

Saigusa Mitsuyoshi, ed.  

Indo Bukkyoâ Jinmei Jiten [Biographical Dictionary of Indian Buddhism]. Kyoto: Hoâzokan, 1987.

Saitoâ Akitoshi  

Nihon Bukkyoâ Jinmei Jiten [Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Buddhism]. Tokyo: Shinjinbutsu OÂraisha, 1986.

Saitoâ Akitoshi, ed.  

Toâyoâ Bukkyoâ Jinmei Jiten. [Biographical Dictionary of Oriental Buddhism]. Tokyo: Shinjinbutsu OÂraisha, 1988.

Shih Ming-fu, ed.  

Chung-kuo Fo-chiao jen-ming tz’u-tien [Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist personal names]. Taipei: Fang-chou Ch’u-p’an-she, 1974.

Shintoâ Jinmei Jiten  

[Biographical Dictionary of Shintoâ]. Tokyo: Jinja Shinpoâsha, 1986.

Shiruku roâdo oârai jinbutsu Jiten  

[Biographical Dictionary of Traverlers of the Silk Route]. Ed. Toâdaiji Kyoâgakubu. Kyoto: Doâhoâsha, 1988.

Toâdaiji Kyoâgakubu Ed. 

Shiruku roâdo oârai jinbutsu jiten [Biographical Dictionary of Traverlers of the Silk Route]. Kyoto: Doâhoâsha, 1988.

Toâyoâ jinbutsu refarensu Jiten  

[Biographical Reference Dictionary of Orientals].Tokyo: Nichigai Association, 1984. 2 vols.  

042 DICTIONARIES - HISTORY OF BUDDHISM

Bukkyoâ nenpyoâ  

[Chronological Tables of Buddhism]. Ed. Saitoâ Akitoshi. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu OÂraisha, 1994.

Das, Sarat Chandra, 1849-1917 

Tibetan-English Buddhist historical glossary. Corrected by S.K. Gupta. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1990.

Kamata Shigeo, ed.  

Chuøgoku Bukkyoâshi Jiten [Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist history]. Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppan, 1981. Handy summaries of major texts and brief biographies of principal figures in the Chinese tradition.

Oâno Tatsunosuke, ed. 

Nihon Bukkyoâshi jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist history]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppan, 1979.

Prebish, Charles S. 

Historical Dictionary of Buddhism. Scarecrow Press, 1993. 387p. (Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies and Movements, no. 1)

Saitoâ Akitoshi Ed.. 

Bukkyoâ nenpyoâ [Chronological Tables of Buddhism]. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu oâraisha, 1994.

Yamazaki Hiroshi and Kosahara Kazuo, eds. 

Bukkyoâshi nenpyoâ [Chronology of Buddhist history]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1979. East Asia only.  

043 DICTIONARIES - DOCTRINES

Bukkyoâ Indo shisoâ Jiten  

[Dictionary of Indian and Buddhist Thought]. Ed. Hayashima Kyoâshoâ, Takasaki Jikidoâ. Tokyo: Shunjuusha, 1987.

De Koros, Alexander Csoma  

Sanskrit-Tibetan-English Vocabulary: Being an Edition and Translation of the Mahaøvyutpatti. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1982. (Buddhica, no. 8)  

Important for numerical lists and Sanskrit-Chinese equivalencies. Note: The Ogiwara version of the Mahaøvyutpatti is more useful.

Kanaoka Shuøyuø, ed.  

Bukkyoâ shuøha Jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist Sects]. Tokyo: ToâkyoâDoâ Shuppansha, 1974.

Nakamura Hajime  

Bukkyoâgo dai Jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist technical terms]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1975.3 vols.  

Doctrinal terms only; no proper nouns. Best dictionary for correct Japanese pronunciation of Buddhist terms; good for Sanskrit equivalencies, but explanations tend to be too simplistic.

Saitoâ Akitoshi  

Nihon Bukkyoâ shuøha Jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Denominations]. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ooraisha, 1988.

Taya Raishun et al., ed.  

Bukkyoâgaku Jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist doctrines]. Kyoto: Hoâzookan, 1957. Popularly known as the Taya Jiten. Concise but detailed treatment of standard doctrinal terms. Extremely useful. 

043.1  DICTIONARIES - NUMERICAL LISTS

Ta-chi fa-men ching  

[Great collection of dharma doctrines]. Taisho 12, 1:226c-233b. Most Nikaøya (i.e., Hinayaøna) numerical lists included systematically.

Ting Fu-pao and Huang Chung-li, eds. 

San-tsang fa-shu [Dharma lists from the canon]. Taipei: Hsin-wen-feng, 1980.

Yi-ju (d. 1435) et al., eds.  

Ta-Ming san-tsang fa-shu [Dharma lists from the canon of the great Ming (dynasty)]. In 50 chuan. Rpt. ed.: Taipei: Hsin-wen-feng, 1978. Arranged in numerical order, from 1 through 84,000; index at beginning.  

043.2  DICTIONARIES - ABHIDHARMA

A Concise Encyclopedia of Early Buddhist Philosophy : Based on the Study of the Abhidhammatthasangahasarupa by Anuruddha. Ed. by Chandra B. Varma. 1992. 

043.3   DICTIONARIES - PRAJNÕAPAØRAMITA

Conze, Edward.  

Materials for a Dictionary of the Prajnøõaøpaøramitaø Literature. Tokyo: Suzuki Research Foundation, 1967.  

Valuable for English equivalences of Sanskrit Mahaayaana Buddhist terms. Arranged in Sanskrit alphabetical order. 

043.4   DICTIONARIES - VIJNÕAPTIVAØDA

Fa-hsiang tzu-tien  

[Yogaøcaøra Dictionary]. Ed. Chu Fei-huang. 1939. 2 vols. ; reprint ed.; Taipei: T’ai-wan Shang-wu Yin-shu-kuan, 1972.  

Useful for Hsuan-tsang’s idioms.

043.5 INDICES AND CONCORDANCES TO CH'AN LITERATURE

App, Urs, ed.  

Concordance to Huangbo's Chuanxin fayao and Wanlinglu. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1993. (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 3).  

Based on texts no. 2012 A & B of vol. 48 of the Taishoâ collection. The punctuation follows Prof. Iriya's text in vol. 8 of the Zen no goroku series. 1940-47, and from 1964. Taishoâ shinshuø daizoâkyoâ sakuin (Index to the Taisho Tripitaka). Tokyo: Taishoâ shinshuø daizoâkyoâ kankoâkai, 1940-47 and since 1964 (esp. vols. 25-28).  

This gigantic effort by a consortium of Japanese universities is a useful tool.

App, Urs, ed.  

Concordance to the records of Linji. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, Hanazono University, 1993. (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 1).  

This computer-generated concordance comes with three tables of content (radicals, stroke-count, and four-corner) and contains an edited version of the Taishoâ text with punctuation by Prof. Iriya and page references to four major modern translations of the Record of Linji (Rinzai), namely, those by Iriya, Yanagida, Sasaki (English) and Demieùville (French).

App, Urs, ed.  

Concordance to the Vajrasamadhi Sutra. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1993. (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 2).  

The Linji concordance was produced on computer but published in conventional printed form. The Vajrasamadhi volume (July 1993) initiates a different approach: a concordance will be published every month and sent to over fifty academic institutions in Japan and elsewhere that engage in research on Buddhism and Chan. Scholars are invited to make their own copy of these concordances; to assist them, we send a bound copy (for the library) and a loose copy (for easy copying) to each institution. Scholars able to use computers can also copy or download the electronic texts themselves which are sent out together with the two copies. This and all subsequent concordances of the Hanazono series include three tables of content (stroke count, radical, and four corner) as well as a character frequency table. The texts (not included) usually stem from the Taishoâ or Zokuzoâkyoâ collections, and original page, segment, and line numbers are maintained. The text for this volume stems from vol. 9 of the Taishoâ and the punctuation is by Prof. Yanagida Seizan. See below under "International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism" for the titles of concordances in preparation.

Fang Jiliu and Wu Dongxiu 

Tangwudai wushierzhong biji xiaoshou renming suoyin. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1992.

Forte, Antonino  

Index des caracteøres chinois dans les fascicules I - V du Hoâboâgirin. Tokyo: Maison Franco-japonaise, 1984.

He Yingqing 

Jingangjing yuju suoyin . Taipei: Taiwan shangwu yinshuguan, 1987.

Hirakubo Akira 

Shinsan koâtei Ingen zenshuø sakuin. Tokyo: Kaimei shoin, 1979.  

This is an index to the eleven-volume collection of materials by and about Chan master Yinyuan Lonqi (jap. Ingen Ryuøki; 1592-1673), the founder of the Japanese OÂbaku-Zen tradition. It features person's names, place names, temple names, names of buddhas and bodhisattvas, and book titles. Additionally, the index includes phrases found in Yinyuan's poems and some other works.

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism  

Concordance to the Jueguanlun. . Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1993 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 6).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism  

Concordance to the record of Zhaozhou. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 10).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism  

Concordance to the records of Dongshan. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 13).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism  

Concordance to the records of Caoshan. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 14).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism  

Concordance to the record of Yunmen. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 15).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism  

Concordance to Dahui's Letters. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 17).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to the Platform Sutra. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1993. (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 4), August 1993.

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to the Lengjia shiziji. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1993. (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 5).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to the Wumenguan. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1993. (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 7).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to famous Chan Poems. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1993. (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 8).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to the record of Nanquan. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1993 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol.9).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to Zongmi's Preface. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 11).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to the Changuan cejin. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 12).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to Zen Master Toârei's Shuømon mujintoâron. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 16).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to the record of Xuefeng. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 18).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to the record of Xuansha. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 19).

International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism 

Concordance to the record of Mazu. Kyoto: International Research Institute for Zen Buddhism, 1994 (Hanazono University Concordance Series, vol. 20).

Iriya Yoshitaka  

Tonkoâ henbunshuø koâgo goi sakuin. Kyoto: mimeograph, 1961. 

This little book enables the student of late T'ang and Five Dynasties colloquialisms to locate colloquial words and expressions in the collection of Dunhuang bianwen (Dunhuang bianwen. Kyoto: Chuøbun shuppansha, 1978). Classification follows the Zhuyin fuhao system; a Wade-Zhuyin fuhao conversion table is appended (pp. 33-34). The author carefully notes discrepancies between Wang's compilation and the original Tunhuang manuscripts: wrong reading s, inappropriate corrections, omitted necessary corrections, wrong punctuation, etc. Some cross-references and indications of the grammatical position of an entry make this work even more valuable. Iriya has since 1961 made a number of corrections and added some items; many of these are included in Matsuo (1985)

Ishii Shuødoâ 

"Jûisshu soâdai zenmon zuihitsushû jinmei sakuin ." in: Komazawa daigaku bukkyoâgakubu kenkyuø kiyoâ, 42 & 43 (1984-85).

Itoâ Ryuøju  

Joâron ichijisakuin. Tokyo: Jishoâin, 1985.  

Concordance of the Zhaolun, based on the Taishoâ text, with stroke count and four corner table of contents and an additional table that lists textual differences in four additional editions. The character order follows the Japanese on'yomi reading, but with the help of the indices any character can be found easily. Gives the Taishoâ page/line numbering.

Kyoâto daigaku jinbun kagaku kenkyuøjo genkyokushoâ kenkyuøhan 

Genkyokushoâ sakuin koâ (yonhen). Kyoto: Jinbun kagaku kenkyuøjo, 1961.

Makita Tairyoâ et al.  

Toâ koâsoâden sakuin. Kyoto: Heirakuji shoten,1973. 3 vols

Makita Tairyoâ et al..  

Soâ koâsoâden sakuin. Kyoto: Heirakuji shoten, n.d.

Matsuoâ Yoshiki  

Tonkoâ henbunshû koâgo goi sakuin fu hoi. Kyoto: Privately circulated copy of a handwritten manuscript, 1985. 

A welcome work based on Iriya's 1961 booklet. Unlike Iriya's booklet, Matsuo also lists the examples themselves, together with their page and line numbers in Dunhuang bianwenji. Hanazono University library has a bound copy of this handwritten manuscript. A revised edition may form the body of Matsuo's Tonkoâ henbunshuø goi sakuin.

Morino Shigeo  

Rikuchoâ koshoâsetsu goishuø. Kyoto: Hoâyuø shoten, 1989.

OÂshima Akira et al 

Shuøshi bunshuø koyuømeishi sakuin. Tokyo: Toâhoâ shoten,1980.

OÂta Tatsuo  

Sodoâshuø koâgo goi sakuin. Kyoto: mimeograph, 1962. 

Though there is now Yanagida's Concordance to the Zutangji, this index is still of value for people interested in colloquialisms in Chan literature. In this respect, too, the Zutangji is one of the most interesting and least studied texts.

OÂta Tatsuo 

Toâsoâ zokuji fu [Sodoâshuø no bu] .Tokyo: Kyuøko shoin, 1982. 

This is an index of some variant forms of Chinese characters found in the Zutangji. Indispensable for students of that text.

Osaka Municipal University Chinese Literature Research Office 

Chuøgoku koten gikyoku goshaku sakuin. Nagoya: Saika shorin, 1970. 

This index lists in Pinyin order about 28,000 words and expressions that are explained in the text or footnotes of 34 publications. These publications appeared between 1929 and 1963 and stem for the most part from China; but some are Japanese editions of Chinese texts. There is no character index; thus users unfamiliar with Pinyin or unsure about a reading must first consult a dictionary.

Satoâ Haruhiko 

Lu Dan'an hencho "Xiaoshuo ciyu huishi", "Xiqu ciyu huishi" hatsuon sakuin. 1983.  

A Pinyin index to the two works mentioned in the title.

Shinohara Hisao 

Zengo kaisetsujiten sakuin. Tokyo: Komazawa daigaku Zenshuøjiten hensansho, 1959.  

This mimeographed index is arranged according to the four-corner system but also includes Zhuyin fuhao, Wade-Giles, and stroke count indices. It is a useful but seldom found combined index to the following works:1. Zuting shiyuan, a collection of early 12th-century commentaries to Chan texts authored by Muan Shanqing ® (Zokuzoâkyoâ, vol 113). 2. Mujaku Doâchuø's Zenrin shoâkisen. 3. Mujaku Doâchuø's Kattoâ gosen. 4. Aizawa Ekai's Zengaku yoâkan. 5. Genkyoâ Zenji's Zengaku zokugokai.

Shiomi Kunihiko 

Shuøshi gorui koâgo goi sakuin. Kyoto: Chuøbun shuppansha, 1992.

Shoâji Kakuitsu 

"Keitoku dentoâroku soâmei sakuin ." in Yamagata daigaku kiyoâ's Jinbunkagaku 10, 2 (1983): 163-208. 

This index of names in the Jingde chuandenglu is keyed to two editions: the Sibu congkan edition and the widely used 1967 Taiwanese Zhenshanmeishe edition. See Suzuki (1975) for an index to the Taishoâ edition of this text. Superseded by the same author's more comprehensive and better indexed 1988 publication.

Shoâji Kakuitsu 

Keitoku dentoâroku koyuømeishi sakuin. 1988.  

This index of personal names, place names, temple names, and buddhas/ bodhisattvas in the Jingde chuandenglu is keyed to two editions: the Sibu congkan edition and the widely used 1967 Taiwanese Zhenshanmeishe edition. It is a reproduction of a handwritten manuscript and features lookup tables by stroke count, four-corner number, and pinyin reading. pp. 327 - 365 list masters and disciples in the order of their appearance in the Jingde chuandenglu . See also Suzuki (1975) and Zenbunka kenkyuøjo (Index to the Jingde chuandenglu).

Soâtoâshuø shuøgaku kenkyuøjo 

Shinji shoâboâgenzoâ sanbyakusoku goi sakuin. Tokyo: Soâtoâshuø shuøgaku kenkyuøjo, 1993.  

This is the first of a planned series of indices published by the Shuøgaku kenkyuøjo. Pages 1-72 from the back contain a well-annotated and valuable critical edition of the text, pp. 1-30 from the front two lookup tables (by radical and Japanese pronunciation), and (to keep the tradition of Komazawa's multiple first pages) pp. 1-160 contain the index. Characters are in general simplified Japanese ones. The index was first created as a machine-generated concordance from which subsequent ly most entries were deleted based on the editors' choice of expressions.

Suzuki Tetsuo 

Chûgoku zenshû jinmei sakuin. Nagoya: Kikoâdoâ, 1975.  

The standard work for looking up names of Chan master. It supplies variant names as well as information about biographies in the Taishoâ and Zokuzoâkyoâ canons. Lookup tables for Pinyin, radicals, and on'yomi. The appendix lists names that occur in the Taishoâ edition of the Jingde chuandenglu.

Suzuki Tetsuo 

Toâgodai no Zenshuø. Tokyo: Daitoâ shuppansha, 1984.  

Though this is no reference work, it can function as such for a particular purpose: its place name index (pp. 23-37) lists many temple and place names in the two regions of China which are examined, namely, Hunan and Jiangxi. Additionally, the list of events with import to Chan history in these two regions (pp. 297-341) and the survey of historical sources from which the information was culled (pp. 293-296) is of interest.

Yanagida Seizan, ed 

Sodoâshuø sakuin. Kyoto: Kyoâto daigaku jinbun kagaku kenkyuøjo, 1980-84. 3 vols. 

This is the yardstick of Chan concordances, an indispensable reference tool for any Chan, Son, or Zen researcher. Contains in volume 3 a conveniently numbered reduced-size reproduction of the original text and an important study of the text by Yanagida. The concordance is arranged according to radical / stroke order and contains a very detailed Japanese on'yomi lookup table. With its many variant character forms, this text has still not moved into the age of movable type. This concordance is the access gate to this invaluable and still much too little studied major source of Chan teaching and history. Specialists can order it at the Jinbun kagaku kenkyuøjo in Kyoto which should provide it free of charge to persons able to document their need; but those left out may come across a very fat one-volume Korean edition whose legal status does not in any way diminish its scholarly value.

Yanagida Seizan, ed. 

Keitoku dentoâroku dainijuøkyuø / sanjukkan sakuin koâ. Unpublished draft, 1980. 

Features the text from Taisho vol. 51 and a handwritten index.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Goke shoâshûsan (fu sakuin). Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1991.  

The original manuscript which is photo-reproduced in this edition stems from the Ryuøgein subtemple in the Myoâshinji, Kyoto. The Wujia zhengzongzan (Zokuzoâkyoâ, vol. 135) of which this is a detailed commentary is a compendium of essential teachings from the "five houses" of Chan. It thus covers a broad spectrum of terms and is a useful research aid.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Hekiganroku Funishoâ sakuin. Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1993. 

Index to an important edition of a major koâan collection. A woodblock print edition is indexed in this work. Stroke count, radical, and Pinyin lookup tables facilitate access.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Hekiganroku sakuin. n.d. 

An index to the Biyanlu (Hekiganroku, Blue Cliff Records) forms volume 10 of Yamada Mumon's lectures on this text published by the same institute. Since the index is referring to the pages of the whole series, one needs to buy the whole set to make use of this index.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Hekiganroku shudenshoâ sakuin tsuki. Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1991.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Hyakujoâ koâroku ichiji sakuin. Unpublished research material, 1992. 

Primitive concordance without table of contents, arranged in Zenbunka kenkyuøsho fashion according to Japanese on'yomi reading. Based on a copy of the Tiansheng guangdenglu (juan 9); but page numbers start at 1. Characters that are not in the Japanese JIS character set are replaced by two letters of the alphabet.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Kaian kokugo sakuin. Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1991.  

The Kaian kokugo consists of comments, capping phrases, and sermons by the Japanese Zen master Hakuin Ekaku on the Records of Daitoâ. This text is one of the most important texts of the Japanese Rinzai tradition; it includes voluminous comments on 58 traditional Chinese koâan. This volume features a reproduction of a 1750 edition of the text (with some variants added by the Zenbunka in the margins) and an index arranged according to the o n'yomi reading used at the Zenbunka Research Institute with a table of contents according to radicals.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Kanzanshi kan'i sakuin. Unpublished research material, 1991. 

Primitive index without table of contents, arranged in Zenbunka kenkyuøsho fashion according to Japanese on'yomi reading. See under Zhonghua for a published concordance.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Kidoâ oshoâ goroku (with index). Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1990. 

Includes a reproduction of the Zokuzoâkyoâ text with handwritten variants in the margins and no line numbers. The index is arranged according to the on'yomi reading used at the Zenbunka research institute with a table of contents according to radicals.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Shoâyoâroku sakuin. Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1993. 

This is an index to one of the major koâan collections. A woodblock print edition is indexed in this work.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Teihon zenrin kushuø sakuin.Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1991. 

A reproduction of the text used for this index, the 1882 Zoâho toâsho zenrinkushuø edited by Toâyoâ **, is included. Characters can be found by radical only; but the radical table in this expensive book gives wrong page references; the correct page numbers are supplied in a loose pamphlet that comes with the index.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Toâshisen santaishi soâgoâ sakuin. Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyujoâ, 1991. Author's names and expressions from two collections of poems that are sometimes cited in Chan and Zen texts are indexed in this work. Poems from the two collections, the Toâshisen kokujikai and the Zoâchuøsantaishi, are included. Characters can be found by radical only.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Toâzenjiban keitoku dentoâroku. Kyoto: Zenbunka Kenkyuøjo, 1990. 2 vols. 

This book contains the Dongchansi edition of the Jingde chuandenglu in reproduction and a slim index of names of persons. This edition has important variants and is worth consulting.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo  

Zengo jisho ruiju fu sakuin. Kyoto: Zenbunka kenkyuøjo, 1991. 

A convenient collection of some smaller Chan reference works with an index. The works included in more or less readable reproduction are: Shuømon hoâgo; Zenrin hoâgo (in Mujaku Doâchuø's handwriting); Mujaku Doâchuø's Zenrin hoâgo; the Hekiganshuø hoâgokai; Genkyoâ Zenji's Zengaku zokugokai; and finally Mujaku Doâchuø's Zenrin kushuø benmyoâ. The index is arranged according to (the often non-standard Zen) on'yomi readings, and there is no stroke-count or radical table. Chinese, Koreans, and Westerners unfamiliar with on'yomi readings will thus not be able to use this index.

Zenbunka kenkyuøjo 

Keitoku dentoâroku sakuin. 1993. 

Zen no goroku series general index. Unpublished. This anonymous index is a simple collation of the indices found at the back of each volume of the Zen no goroku series. They were copied by someone and simply pasted together. One still has to look up names or terms nineteen times, but instead of pulling out nineteen volumes time after time, one can leaf through a few pages of this index which is widely used by Japanese researchers and their disciples.

Zengaku daijiten fu shikaku goâma sakuin.Tokyo: Taishoâkan shoten, 1977. 

Primitive four-corner index which, instead of including all entries of the dictionary, simply gives page numbers of the third volume where single the first character of what one is looking for is used.

Zhang Chenshi et al. 

Tang wudai renwu zhuanji ziliao zonghe suoyin. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1982. 

A useful work for finding secular biographical sources of Chan monks and their sponsors as well as editors and writers of prefaces.

Zhongguo shehui kexue yuan  

Quantangshi soyin: Hanshan Shide juan. Beijing: Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe, 1993. 

Concordance to the Hanshan poems, keyed to the Zhonghua shuju edition. Like the other volumes of this large series of poem concordances, this is a computer-generated concordance arranged according to four-corner numbers and equipped with a stroke count lookup table. Apart from these works, there is of course a multitude of other works of help to Chan researchers, for example the excellent Tang poetry concordances by the Shehui kexue wenxian chubanshe in Beijing, the concordances of Chinese classics by Commercial Press in Hong Kong (made at the Chinese University of Hong Kong), the concordances published at Oslo University, and various indices and other reference materials to bianwen literature, early verna cular sources, Chinese novels, etc. 

043.7   DICTIONARIES - ESOTERISM

Akiyama Shoâkai.  

Butsuzoâ insoâ dai Jiten [Dictionary of Mudra in Buddhist Images]. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1985.

Kuøkai Jiten  

[Dictionary of Early Japanese Esoteric Buddhism]. Ed. Kanaoka Shuøyuø. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppan, 1979.

Matsunaga Shoâdoâ, ed.  

Mikkyoâ dai Jiten [Encyclopedia of Esoteric Buddhism].Kyoto: Mikkyoâ Jiten Hensankai, 1931-1933. 3 vols.

Mikkyoâ dai Jiten  

[Encyclopedia of Esoteric Buddhism]. 1931-38. 6 vols. ; rev. ed., 1969-1970.  

Emphasizes traditional Japanese Shingon views and interpretations.

Sawa Ryuøken, ed.  

Mikkyoâ Jiten [Dictionary of Esoteric Buddhism]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1975.  

Emphasis on Japanese Shingon.

Shingonshuø hoâgo dai Jiten  

[Dictionary of Shingon Sermons]. Ed. Inaya Yuøsen. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1992.

(Shinpen) Nihon Jizoâ Jiten  

[Dictionary of the Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha in Japan (new edition)]. Ed. Motoyama Keisen. Rev. ed. Okumura Hirozumi. Tokyo: Murata Shoten, 1989. 

 

048 DICTIONARIES - BUDDHIST LITERATURE AND ARTS

048.2 DICTIONARIES - BUDDHIST ICONOGRAPHY

Akiyama Shoâkai  

Butsuzoâ insoâ dai jiten [Dictionary of Mudra in Buddhist Images]. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1985.

Akiyama, Shoâkai 

Butsuzoâ soâshoku mochimono dai jiten [Dictionary of Decorations and Regalia of Buddhist Images]. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1985.

Ashida Shoâjiroâ Ed. 

Butsuzoâ miwakekata jiten [Dictionary for Distinguishing Buddhist Images].. Tokyo: Hokushindoâ, 1989.

Bunce, Fredrick W.  

An encyclopaedia of Buddhist deities, demigods, godlings, saints, and demons with special focus on iconographic attributes. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 1994. 2 vols.

Butsuzoâ Jiten  

[Dictionary of Buddhist Images]. Ed. Kuno Takeshi. Tokyo: ToâkyoâDoâ shuppan, 1975.

Butsuzoâ miwakekata jiten  

[Dictionary for Distinguishing Buddhist Images]. Ed. Ashida Shoâjiroâ. Tokyo: HokushinDoâ, 1989.

Koâshin Konwakai Ed. 

Nihon sekibutsu jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Sepulchral Monuments]. 2d ed. Tokyo: Yuøsankaku, 1980.

Kuno Takeshi Ed. 

Butsuzoâ jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist Images]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ shuppan, 1975.

Kuno Takeshi Ed. 

Nihon Butsuzoâ meihoâ jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Icons and Treasures]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppan, 1984.

Kuno Takeshi Ed. 

Toâyoâ Butsuzoâ meihoâ jiten [Dictionary of Oriental Buddhist Icons and Treasures]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppan, 1986.

Motoyama Keisen Ed. 

(Shinpen) Nihon Jizoâ jiten [Dictionary of the Bodhisattva K_itigarbha in Japan (new edition)]. Tokyo: Murata Shoten, 1989.

Nakamura Hajime 

Zusetsu Bukkyoâgo dai jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist iconographic terms]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1988.

Nihon Butsuzoâ meihoâ Jiten  

[Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Icons and Treasures]. Ed. Kuno Takeshi. Tokyo: ToâkyoâDoâ Shuppan, 1984.

Nihon sekibutsu Jiten  

[Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Sepulchral Monuments]. Ed. Koâshin Konwakai. 2d ed. Tokyo: Yuøsankaku, 1980.

Nihon Sekibutsu Kyoâkai Ed. 

Nihon sekibutsu zuøten [Iconographic Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Sepulchral Monuments]. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1986. Sekibutsu geju jiten [Dictionary of Inscriptions and Verses found on Japanese Buddhist Sepulchral Monuments]. Ed. Katoâ Masahisa. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1990.

Nihon sekibutsu zuøten  

[Iconographic Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Sepulchral Monuments]. Ed. Nihon Sekibutsu Kyoâkai. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1986.

Sekibutsu Geju Jiten  

[Dictionary of Inscriptions and Verses found on Japanese Buddhist Sepulchral Monuments]. Ed. Katoâ Masahisa. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1990.

Motoyama Keisen. Rev. ed.  

Okumura Hirozumi. Tokyo: Murata Shoten, 1989.

Toâyoâ Butsuzoâ Meihoâ Jiten [Dictionary of Oriental Buddhist Icons and Treasures]. Ed. Kuno Takeshi. Tokyo: ToâkyoâDoâ Shuppan, 1986.

048.4   BUDDHIST RITUAL AND FOLKLORE

Bukkyoâ Girei Jiten  

[Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Ceremonies]. Ed. by Fujii Masao et al. Tokyo: ToâkyoâDoâ Shuppan, 1977.

Bukkyoâ Gyoâji Girei Shoshiki Daijiten  

[Comprehensive Dictionary of Buddhist Rituals and Ceremonies]. Ed. Fujii Masao. Tokyo: Yusankaku, 1983.

Bukkyoâ Minzoku Gakkai Ed. 

Bukkyoâ minzoku jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Folklore]. Tokyo: Shinjinbutsu oâraisha, 1993.

Bukkyoâ Soâsai Dai Jiten  

[Comprehensive Dictionary of Buddhist Funerary Rites]. Ed. Fujii Masao, Hanayama Shoâyuø, Nakano Toâzen. Tokyo: Yusankaku, 1980.

Fujii Masao and al Ed. 

Bukkyoâ girei jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Ceremonies]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppan, 1977.

Fujii Masao Ed. 

Bukkyoâ gyoâji girei shoshiki dai jiten [Comprehensive Dictionary of Buddhist Rituals and Ceremonies]. Tokyo: Yusankaku, 1983.  

048.8 DICTIONARIES - PROVERBS AND FAMOUS SAYINGS

Bukkyoâ Gogen Sansaku Jiten

[Dictionary of random walks through Buddhist Language]. Ed. Fujii Soâtetsu. Tokyo: Sotakusha, 1993.

Bukkyoâ Hiyuø Reiwa Jiten  

[Dictionary of Buddhist Metaphors]. Ed. Mori Shoâji. Tokyo: ToâkyoâDoâ Shuppan, 1987.

Bukkyoâ Iwaku Innen Koji Raireki Jiten  

[Dictionary of Buddhist Stories and Sayings]. Ed. Okubo Jisen. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1992.

Bukkyoâ Koji Meigen Jiten  

[Dictionary of Famous Buddhist Sayings]. Ed. Sudoâ Ryusen. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu OÂraisha, 1982.

Bukkyoâ kotowaza Jiten  

[Dictionary of Buddhist Proverbs]. Ed. Katsuzaki Yugen. Tokyo: Keisuisha, 1992.

Bukkyoâ Meigen Jiten  

[Dictionary of Well-known Buddhist Expressions]. Ed. Nara Yasuaki. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1989.

Fujii Soâtetsu Ed. 

Bukkyoâ gogen sansaku jiten [Dictionary of Random Walks Through Buddhist Language]. Tokyo: Sotakusha, 1993. [In progress]

Genmyoø OØno 

Busso kaisetsu daijiten. 10 vols. Tokyo: 1933-1936.

Katoâ Masahisa. Ed. 

Sekibutsu geju jiten [Dictionary of Inscriptions and Verses found on Japanese Buddhist Sepulchral Monuments]. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1990.

Katsuzaki Yugen Ed. 

Bukkyoâ kotowaza jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist Proverbs]. Tokyo: Keisuisha, 1992.

Mori Shoâji Ed.  

Bukkyoâ hiyuø reiwa jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist Metaphors]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppan, 1987.

Nakamura Hajime Ed. 

Shin Bukkyoâ gogen sansaku [New Dictionary of Random Walks Through Buddhist Language]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1986.

Nara Yasuaki Ed. 

Bukkyoâ meigen jiten [Dictionary of Well-known Buddhist Expressions]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1989.

Okubo Jisen Ed. 

Bukkyoâ iwaku innen koji raireki jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist Stories and Sayings]. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1992.

Sekibutsu Geju Jiten  

[Dictionary of Inscriptions and Verses found on Japanese Buddhist Sepulchral Monuments]. Ed. Katoâ Masahisa. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1990.

Shin Bukkyoâ Gogen Sansaku  

[New Dictionary of Random Walks Through Buddhist Language]. Ed. Nakamura Hajime. Tokyo: Toâkyoâ Shoseki, 1986.

Sudoâ Ryusen Ed. 

Bukkyoâ koji meigen jiten [Dictionary of Famous Buddhist Sayings]. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu oâraisha, 1982.

Zengo Jii  

[Glosses of Zen Sayings]. Ed. by Nakagawa Juøan. Tokyo: Morie Shoten, 1935. Rpt. 1961.  

049 DICTIONARIES - OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARIES  

049.4   CHINESE

Chuøgoku Jinmei Jiten: Kodai Kara Gendai Made  

[Biographical Dictionary of China from Ancient to Modern Times]. Tokyo: Nichigai Association, 1993.  

049.5  JAPANESE

Chu Fei-huang Ed. 

Fa-hsiang tzu-tien [Yogaacaara Dictionary].. 2 vols. 1939; reprint ed.; Taipei: T'ai-wan Shang-wu Yin-shu-kuan, 1972. Useful for Hsüan-tsang's argot.

Doâmei Ijin Jiten  

[Biographical Dictionary of Famous Japanese with the Same Names]. Tokyo: Nichigai Association, 1988.

Doâsei Iyomi Jinmei Jiten  

[Dictionary of Names Written the Same, but Read Differently]. Tokyo: Nichigai Association, 1988.

Go Betsumei Jiten  

[Dictionary of Japanese Pseudonyms and Literary Names]. Ed. Nichigai Association. Tokyo: Kinokuniya Shoten, 1990.

Haga Noboru, et al.  

Nihon Joâsei Jinmei Jiten [Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Women]. Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Senta, 1993.

Inaya Yuøsen Ed. 

Shingonshuø hoâgo dai jiten [Dictionary of Shingon Sermons]. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1992.

Jinmei Yomikata Jiten  

[Dictionary of Readings of Japanese Names]. Ed. Nichigai Association. Tokyo: Kinokuniya Shoten, 1983. 2 vols. Revised edition: Jinmei Yomikata Jiten [English title: Guide to reading of each Japanese family names]. Edited by Nichigai Asoshietsu.Tokyo: Nichigai Asoshietsu and Kinokuniya Shoten, 1994. 2 vols.

Kanaoka Shuøyuø Ed. 

Kuøkai jiten [Dictionary of Early Japanese Esoteric Buddhism]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppan, 1979.

Kanaoka Shuøyuø Ed. 

Nihon Bukkyoâ tenseki dai jiten [Encyclopedic Bibliography of Japanese Buddhist Texts]. Tokyo: Yuøsankaku, 1986. Tables of contents for all collections of Buddhist literature and scripture (including Chinese and Korean works) published in Japan.

Kanaoka Shuøyuø, ed. 

Bukkyoâ shuøha jiten [Dictionary of Buddhist Sects]. Tokyo: Toâkyoâdoâ Shuppansha, 1974.

Kokusho Jinmei Jiten  

[Biographical Dictionary of National Authors]. Edited by Ichikoâ Teiji et al. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1993-1995. 2 vols.  

Provides biographical information about every single known Japanese author. Includes entries for many individuals not discussed in any other reference work.

Matsunaga Shoâdoâ, ed. 

Mikkyoâ dai jiten [Encyclopedia of Esoteric Buddhism]. 3 vols. Kyoto: Mikkyoâ Jiten Hensankai, 1931-1933.

Mikkyoâ dai jiten [Encyclopedia of Esoteric Buddhism]. 6 vols. 1931-38; rev. ed., 1969-1970. Emphasizes traditional Japanese Shingon views and interpretations.

Nihon Joâsei Jinmei Jiten  

[Biographical Dictionary of Japanese Women]. Ed. Haga Noboru et al. Tokyo: Nihon Tosho Senta, 1993.

Saitoâ Akitoshi 

Nihon Bukkyoâ shuøha jiten [Dictionary of Japanese Buddhist Denominations]. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Oâraisha, 1988.

Sawa Ryuøken, ed. 

Mikkyoâ jiten [Dictionary of Esoteric Buddhism]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1975. Emphasis on Japanese Shingon.

050 SOURCES FOR BUDDHIST STUDIES

Hayashiya Tomojiroâ  

Kyoâroku Kenkyuø [Studies in scriptural catalogues]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1941.  

Comprehensive study of reference for East Asian Buddhist textual criticism.

Hirakawa Akria, ed.  

Bukkyoâ Kenkyuø Nyuømon [An Introduction to Buddhist Studies]. Tokyo: Daizoo Shuppan, 1984.  

Provides an overview of principle contributions of recent scholars.

Lancaster, Lewis 

“Buddhist Studies.” In The Encyclopedia of Religion. 2:554-560.

Winternitz, Moriz  

A History of Indian Literature. Vol. 2: Buddhist Literature and Jaina Literature. Trans. by V. Srinivasa Sarma. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.  

Survey of Indian Buddhist canonical literature, pp. 1-407.

Yamaguchi Susumu et al., eds.  

Bukkyoâgaku Josetsu [Primer of Buddhist studies]. Kyoto: Heirakuji Shoten, 1961.  

Survey of Buddhist doctrine, sectarian history, and scriptures, with a concluding chapter on Buddhism and contemporary thought.  

 

066  METHODOLOGY AND HISTORY OF BUDDHIST STUDIES

De Jong, J.W. [Jan Willem] 

"A Brief History of Buddhist Studies in Europe and America." The Eastern Buddhist, n.s. 7/1 (May 1974): 55-106, and 7/2 (Oct. 1974): 49-82. Rpt. as A Brief History of Buddhist Studies in Europe and America. Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica, no. 33. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1987. Translated into Japanese by Hirakawa Akira as Bukkyoâ kenkyuø no rekishi (Tokyo: Shunjuøsha, 1983). Valuable survey of the evolution of Buddhist Studies as a humanistic discipline. Major contributions of important Western and Asian scholars discussed.

De Jong, J.W. [Jan Willem] 

"Recent Buddhist Studies in Europe and America." The Eastern Buddhist, n.s. 17/1 (Spring 1984): 79-107.

Hayashiya Tomojiroâ 

Kyoâroku kenkyuø [Studies in scriptural catalogues]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1941. Comprehensive study of this important reference toâl for East Asian Buddhist textual criticism.

Hirakawa Akria, ed. 

Bukkyoâ kenkyuø nyuømon [An Introduction to Buddhist Studies]. Tokyo: Daizoâ Shuppan, 1984. Not as useful as Yamaguchi (below), but provides an overview of principle contributions of recent scholars.

Lancaster, Lewis 

"Buddhist Studies." In The Encyclopedia of Religion. 2:554-560.

Winternitz, Maurice 

A History of Indian Literature. Vol. 2: Buddhist Literature and Jaina Literature. Trans. V. Srinivasa Sarma. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983. Survey of Indian Buddhist canonical literature, pp. 1-407.

Yamaguchi, Susumu et al., eds. 

Bukkyoâgaku josetsu [Primer of Buddhist studies]. Kyoto: Heirakuji Shoten, 1961. Survey of Buddhist doctrine, sectarian history, and scriptures, with a concluding chapter on Buddhism and contemporary thought.

Renou, Louis and Jean Filliozat. 

L'Inde Classique. 2 vols. Paris, 1947.  

072 ARTICLES

Articles on Buddhist Studies can be found in:

Buddhist Studies Review

Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme Orient

Bulletin of the London School of Oriental and African Studies

Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies

History of Religions

Indo-Iranian Journal

Journal of the American Academy of Religion

Journal of the American Oriental Society

Journal of Asian Studies

Journal Asiatique

Journal of Buddhist Ethics

Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies

Philosophy East and West

T'oung Pao. 

075 BUDDHIST INFORMATION SOURCES; DATABASES & INPUT PROJECTS

This section is not materials in bibliographic library’s term, but since it is useful to help librarians as well as readers to track down or search for the materials, especially on certain subjects or area pertaining to Buddhism and Buddhist Studies, it is deemed appropriate and necessary to include this information in this special section. 

A full listing of Buddhist Web site is available at DharmaNet: 

 http://w.w.w..dharmamet.org/

What follows is a selected list of some fairly to very serious sites:

Access to Insight: http://world.std.com/~metta/

Asian Classics Input Project: http://acip.princeton.edu/ 

Buddhist Canon Translation Project: http://www.slip.net/~numata/ 

Buddhist Databases & Input Projects:  http://www.iijnet.or.jp/iriz/irizhtml/ebti/buddinpe.htm 

Buddhist Input Project News: 

 http://www.iijnet.or.jp/iriz/irizhtml/ebti/newproje.htm 

Electronic Buddhadharma Society: http://www.baus.org/ebshome.html 

Sri Lankan Tripitaka Project: http://www.gold.ac.uk.history.ibric.htm/

Asynchronous School of Buddhis Dialectics: http://faraday.clas.virginia.edu/~wam7c/home.html 

076 ACADEMIA:

Australian National University:

1. Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library: 

 http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVL-AsianStudies.html 

2. Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library: 

 http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVL-Buddhism.html 

3. Social Sciences WWW Virtual Library: 

 http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVL-SocSci.html 

4. Tibetan Studies WWW Virtual Library: 

 http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVL-TibetanStudies.html

BoW: Buddhism on the Web (Thailand): 

http://www.inet.co.th/cyberclub/bow/main_contents.html

Buddhapia Network (Korea): http://www.buddhapia.co.kr/

Cornell AsiaLink: http://cucjk.eap.cornell.edu/asialink/asialink.html

Digital Dictionary of Buddhism:  

http://w.w.w.human.toyogakuenu.ac.jp/-acmuller/dicts/deabt.htm

Jogyejong Buddhist Web (Korea): 

http://www.dongguk.ac.kr/DGU/College/Kyongju/Budcul/Budweb

Journal of Buddhist Ethics: http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/jbe.html

National Chung-Hsin University Buddhism Page (Taiwan): http://www.nchu.edu.tw/buddhism/

Numata Center for Buddhist Translation & Research (Berkeley): 

http://www.slip.net/~numata/

Peng's Buddhist Resource List: http://www.io.com/~cin/

UCB Buddhism Program (UCalifornia at Berkeley): 

http://central.itp.berkeley.edu/~eal/eal4.html

UK Association for Buddhist Studies: 

http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0dwe/bsa.html

Urbana-Champaign: 

http://www-courses.cs.uiuc.edu/~j-zhao/buddhism.html

Urbana-Champaign Buddhism Study Group: 

http://bunny.cs.uiuc.edu/CADR/winslett/Chen/BUDDHISM/bodhi.html

Vipassana Research Publications of America (Seattle): 

http://www.vrpa.com/

Zen@Sunsite: http://sunsite.unc.edu/zen/ 

 

 

 

 

100 The Tripitaka Collections 

100.1   TRIPITAKA LITERATURE

Note: This section is liberally classified by languages. For example: The Taishoâ Shinshuø Dai Zoâkyoââ, well known by its Japanese title due to the fact that it was edited by Japanese scholars, but its contents are purely Chinese (no Japanese characters), therefore, it is regarded as Chinese Canon.

Furthermore, this following section – Catalogues of Scriptural Collection - should have been logically classified after the main collection – the Canons in different languages themselves-, however, practically and in conformity with the library mneumonic scheme, this section is introduced first following by the main literature of the Tripitaka. 

101  ANTHOLOGY OF BUDDHIST TEXTS

Hare, E. M., tr. 

Woven cadence of early Buddhists; tr. by E. M. Hare. London: Oxford UP, 1947.

Thomas, Edward J., ed. 

Les Ecrits primitifs du Boudhisme; choix de textes traduits et edites par E. J. Thomas; tr. de l’ Anglais par S. Glachant. Paris: Adyer, 1949.

Tucci, Giuseppe 

Minor Buddhist texts; first Bhavanakrama of Kamalasila; Sanskrit and Tibetan texts, with introd. and English summary. Roma: MEO, 1958.

Woodward, F. L. 

The Minor anthologies of the Pali canon. Part II: Udana; verses of uplift and Itivuttaka as it was said, tr. by F. L. Woodward, with an introd. b y Rhys-Davids. London: Oxford, 1948.

101.1  PALI TEXTS

Foreword: A Brief description of the Buddhist Canon from various traditions :

from: edwardchang@worldnet.att.net

Originally, the teachings of the Buddha and commentaries on his teachings were transmitted orally. They were eventually written down,¹ recorded in Pali and in Sanskrit.² Then, they were translated into different languages; three of them stand out as more prominent than the others because of their relative completeness, systemization and historical influence upon other canons. These are the Pali, the Chinese and the Tibetan Canons.

Each of these major canons traditionally divided their contents in different ways. This is in part due to history and in part due to the different scope of the respective canons. Within each major Canon, again there are differences among various editions. For example, the Thai edition and the Sri Lankan edition of the Pali Canon are slightly different between one another. Within the Canons derived from Classical Chinese, the Taisho, the Ch’ien Lung edition, the Chung Hua edition, the Tripitaka Koreana, etc., have different contents because each is based on different compilations of various combinations of ancient canons.³ Within the Canons derived from the Tibetan, the Kangyur and the Tangyur , there are differences reflecting the different schools of the Vajrayana tradition.

Notes :

⁽¹⁾ It has been speculated that Sakyamuni Buddha spoke a variety of the Maghadan dialect of ancient India. The teachings of Buddha however were recorded in Pali, Sanskrit and various languages of ancient India (such as Old Bengali and Old Tamil, etc.,) centuries after Sakyamuni Buddha's Parinirvana. From Sanskrit especially the teachings were translated into Chinese, Sinhalese, Tibetan, Mongolian, Manchurian, Hsi Hsia, Tocharian, Khotanese, Uighur and many other Asian languages.  

 ⁽²⁾ Most of Buddhist sutras written in Sanskrit are no longer extant, though there are substantial portions that still survive. Interestingly enough, the Newaris of Nepal today still use Buddhist liturgical texts written in Sanskrit. Two types of Sanskrit were used to record the Buddha's teachings in India -- Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit and Classical Sanskrit. Now, Sanskrit' is used for modern translations from extant Sanskrit texts.

⁽⁵⁾ The Chinese Canon was collected over a period of over a thousand years. Within that time period, earlier canons included sutras translated during that time and later canons included additional sutras translated later. For these and other reasons the various ancient canons written in Classical Chinese had different contents. The Taisho Canon contains 250 million Chinese characters. The Numata Center (Bukkyo Dendo Kyokai) has a brief summary of the development of the Taisho Canon and an introduction to its English edition. 

Further note: This section is liberally classified by languages. For example: The Taishoâ Shinshuø Dai Zoâkyoââ, well known by its Japanese title due to the fact that it was edited by Japanese scholars, but its contents are purely Chinese (no Japanese characters), therefore, it is regarded as Chinese Canon.

Furthermore, this following section – Catalogues of Scriptural Collections – should have been logically classified after the main collection – the Canons in different languages themselves – , however, practically and in conformity with the library mneumonic scheme, this section is introduced first following by the main literature of the Tripitaka.

Nanden Dai Zoâkyoââ Soâsakuin 

[Comprehensive Index to the Pali Canon]. Ed. Mizuno Koâgen. Tokyo: Nihon Gakujutsu Shinkoâkai, 1959-1960. 3 vols.

101.11    SUTTA PITAKA

Note: I found the following introductory note, downloaded from the Internet’s Access to Insight, is very helpful for librarians and students of the Pali Canon; – especially the “Map Showing the Major Divisions of the Tipitaka” will help them to classify or trace certain particular sutras with ease – ; therefore, it is included here with my thankful acknowledgment. <http://www.accesstoinsight.org/canon/index.html>. This is revised: Sun 16 July 2000.

Tipitaka : The Pali Canon 

The Tipitaka (Pali ti, "three," + pitaka, "baskets"), or Pali Canon, is the collection of primary Pali language texts which form the doctrinal foundation of Theravada Buddhism. Together with the ancient commentaries, they constitute the complete body of classical Theravada texts.

The Pali Canon is a vast body of literature: in English translation the texts add up to several thousand printed pages. Most -- but not all -- of the Canon has already been published in English over the years. Although only a small fraction of these texts are available here at Access to Insight, this collection can nonetheless be a very good place to start.

The three divisions of the Tipitaka are:

1. Sutta Pitaka

The collection of discourses, attributed to the Buddha and a few of his closest disciples, containing all the central teachings of Theravada Buddhism. (Over six hundred sutta translations are available here.)

2. Vinaya Pitaka

The collection of texts concerning the rules of conduct governing the daily affairs within the Sangha -- the community of bhikkhus (ordained monks) and bhikkhunis (ordained nuns). Far more than merely a list of rules, the Vinaya Pitaka also includes the stories behind the origin of each rule, providing a detailed account of the Buddha's solution to the question of how to maintain communal harmony within a large and diverse spiritual community.

3. Abhidhamma Pitaka

The collection of texts in which the underlying doctrinal principles presented in the Sutta Pitaka are reworked and reorganized into a systematic framework that can be applied to an investigation into the nature of mind and matter.

Readings:

101.1 Jayawardhana, Somapala 

Handbook of Pali Literature. Colombo: Karunaratne, 1994.  

A guide, in dictionary form, through the Pali Canon, with detailed descriptions of the major landmarks in the Canon.

U Ko Lay, ed. 

Guide to Tipitaka. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1990.  

Another excellent outline of the Tipitaka, containing summaries of many important suttas.

Webb, Russell, ed. 

An Analysis of the Pali Canon. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1975. An indispensable "roadmap" and outline of the Pali Canon. Contains an excellent index listing suttas by name.  

A Map Showing the 

Major Divisions of the Tipitaka

Tipitaka

|

|

+-----------------------+--------------------------+

| | |

Vinaya Pitaka Abhidhamma Pitaka Sutta Pitaka

| | |

Suttavibhanga Dhammasangani |

Mahavagga Vibhanga |

Cullavagga Dhatukatha |

Parivara Puggalapaññatti |

Kathavatthu |

Yamaka |

Patthana |

| 

+-------------+--------------+---------------+-----+----+

| | | | |

Digha Nikaya | Samyutta Nikaya | |

Majjhima Nikaya Anguttara Nikaya |

|

Khuddaka Nikaya

|

+---------------------------+

|

+---------+----+----+-------+----+------+--+-----+------+

| | | | | | | | | |

Khuddakapatha | | | | | | | | |

Dhammapada | | | | | | | |

Udana | | | | | | |

Itivuttaka | | | | | |

Sutta Nipata | | | | |

Vimanavatthu | | | |

Petavatthu | | |

Theragatha | |

Therigatha |

Jataka

Niddesa

Patisambhidama

Apadana

Buddhavamsa

Cariyapitaka

Nettippakarana

Petakopadesa

Milindapañha

Other version of this classification is also useful for librarians & students should a text comes to hand. 

I. The Books Of The Paøli Canon 

II. The Commentaries on The Books Of The Paøli Canon 

Some of the best translations from the Pali Suttas include:

Carter, John Ross and Malinda Palihawadana, trans.  

The Dhammapada. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.  

Contains extensive material from the commentaries and alternative versions of the Dhammapada preserved by other schools.

Norman, K. R. 

The Word of the Doctrine. Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1997. (The new PTS translation of the Dhammapada). 

It takes the principle of literalness to ludicrous extremes.

Ireland, John D., trans. 

The Udana: Inspired Utterances of the Buddha. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1990.

Nõanamoli and Bodhi trans.  

The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1995.  

The best translation of an entire nikaya.

Norman, K. R. trans.  

The Elders' Verses I: Theragatha. London: Pali Text Society, 1969.

Norman, K. R. trans. 

The Elders' Verses II: Therigatha. Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1971.  

Both this translation and the preceding one are so literal as to lose the poetic flavor of the original, but no reliable alternative translations are available.

Norman, K. R., trans. 

The Rhinoceros Horn and Other Early Buddhist Poems (Sutta Nipata) London: Pali Text Society, 1985.  

Again, extremely literal, but there are no other reliable (and plenty of unreliable) translations available.

Schelling, Andrew and Anne Waldman  

Songs of Sons and Daughters of Buddha. Boston: Shambala, 1996.  

Even though the verses are billed as "courageous translations," they are little more than free riffs that capture neither the words nor the spirit of the old text. The Therigatha is especially noteworthy as it is the oldest record of women's religious experience in the world.

Walshe, Maurice O'Connor, trans.  

The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1996.  

Fairly loose in spots, but very readable.

The only complete English translations of the Samyutta and Anguttara Nikayas (from the Pali Text Society) are unreliable. The Buddhist Publication Society offers useful anthologies:

Ireland, John, et. al., trans.  

Samyutta Nikaya: An Anthology.

Nyanaponika, Thera, trans.  

Anguttara Nikaya: An Anthology. 

Raøhula Saømkrtyaøna

Dhammapadam. Buddha Vihaøra. n.d.

Theragaøthaø: Pourings in verse of the Buddhist Bhikkhus. ed. by N. K. Bhagawat. Bombay: Bombay University, 1939. (Devanagari-Pali Texts series, no. 6)

Therìgaøthaø: Pourings in verse of the Buddhist Bhikkhunis. ed. by N. K. Bhagawat.Bombay: Bombay University, 1956. (Devanagari-Pali Texts series, no. 4)

Sutta-Nipaøta. ed. by Dines Anderson. London: Oxford University Press, 1948. (Paøli Text Society)

Paøli Jatakavali. ed. Batuknath Pandit Sharma, with a critical introd., Sanskrit-chaya, Hindi translation; a synopsis of grammar and a full Pali glossary. Vaharasi: Khelarilal, n.d.

Nanden Dai Zoâkyoââ Soâsakuin 

[Comprehensive Index to the Pali Canon]. Ed. Mizuno Koâgen. Tokyo: Nihon Gakujutsu Shinkoâkai, 1959-1960. 3 vols.  

 

Carter, John Ross and Malinda Palihawadana, trans.  

The Dhammapada. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.  

Contains extensive material from the commentaries and alternative versions of the Dhammapada preserved by other schools.

K.R. Norman's The Word of the Doctrine. Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1997. (The new PTS translation of the Dhammapada). 

It takes the principle of literalness to ludicrous extremes.

Ireland, John D., trans.  

The Itivuttaka: The Buddha's Sayings. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1991.

Ireland, John D., trans. 

The Udana: Inspired Utterances of the Buddha. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1990.

Nõanamoli and Bodhi, trans.  

The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1995.  

The best translation of an entire nikaya.

Norman, K. R., trans.  

The Elders' Verses I: Theragatha. London: Pali Text Society, 1969.

Norman, K. R., trans. 

The Elders' Verses II: Therigatha. Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1971.  

Both this translation and the preceding one are so literal as to lose the poetic flavor of the original, but no reliable alternative translations are available.

Norman, K. R., trans. 

The Rhinoceros Horn and Other Early Buddhist Poems (Sutta Nipata) London: Pali Text Society, 1985.  

Again, extremely literal, but there are no other reliable (and plenty of unreliable) translations available.

Schelling, Andrew and Anne Waldman  

Songs of Sons and Daughters of Buddha. Boston: Shambala, 1996.  

Even though the verses are billed as "courageous translations," they are little more than free riffs that capture neither the words nor the spirit of the old text. The Therigatha is especially noteworthy as it is the oldest record of women's religious experience in the world.

Walshe, Maurice O'Connor, trans.  

The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1996.  

Fairly loose in spots, but very readable.

The only complete English translations of the Samyutta and Anguttara Nikayas (from the Pali Text Society) are unreliable. The Buddhist Publication Society offers useful anthologies:

Ireland, John, et. al., trans.  

Samyutta Nikaya: An Anthology.

Nyanaponika, Thera, trans.  

Anguttara Nikaya: An Anthology. 

 

101.12  VINAYA

Frauwallner, E.  

The Earliest Vinaya and the Beginnings of Buddhist Literature. Rome: Instituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, 1956.

Hirakawa Akira, trans.  

Monastic Discipline for the Buddhist Nuns: an English Translation of the Chinese Text of the Mahasamghika-Bhiksuni-Vinaya. Patna: Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute.

Horner, I. B., trans.  

The Book of Discipline. London: Pali Text Society, 1938-1966. 6 volumes. An almost-complete translation of the Pali Vinaya Pitaka--"almost," because the translator decided against translating some of the more sexually explicit passages into English].

Prebish, Charles S.  

Buddhist Monastic Discipline: The Sanskrit Pratimoksa Sutras of the Mahasamghikas and Mulasarvastivadins. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975.  

The introduction, on the rise of Buddhist monasticism, should be read in conjunction with Wijayaratna.

Thanissaro, Bhikkhu 

The Buddhist Monastic Code: The Patimokkha Training Rules Translated and Explained. Valley Center, CA: Metta Forest Monastery, 1994.

Tsomo, Karma Lekshe 

Sisters in Solitude: Two Traditions of Buddhist Monastic Ethics for Women. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.  

Complete translations, with a brief comparative analysis, of the Chinese Dharmagupta and Tibetan Mulasarvastivada versions of the Bhiksuni Pratimoksa Sutra.

Wijayaratna, Mohan 

Buddhist Monastic Life According to the Texts of the Theravada Tradition. Translated by Claude Grangier and Steven Collins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.  

The best general introduction to the topic of Vinaya and its relation to the Dharma. A good corrective to the work of Sukumar Dutt. 

101.13  ABHIDHARMA

Abhidhamma-pitika (The seven books of the Abhidhamma-pitaka) 

i. Dhamma-sangani 

ii. Vibanga 

iii. Katha-vatthu 

iv. Puggala-pannatti 

v. Dhatu-katha 

vi. Yamaka 

vii. Patthana

Guenther, Herbert V.  

Philosophy and Psychology in the Abhidharma. Berkeley, Calif.: Shambhala, 1976.

Nyanatiloka 

A Guide through the Abhidhamma Pitaka. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1971.

Nyanaponika, Thera 

Abhidhamma Studies. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1965.

Watanabe Fumimaro 

Philosophy and its Development in the Nikayas and Abhidhamma. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.

Anurudhaøcaøriya 

Abhidhammatthasangaha. Sarnath: Mahaøbodhi.

Anurudhaøcaøriya 

Abhidhammatthasangaha with Abhidhammattha vibhaøvanaøtìkaø of Bhadanta Sumangala Saømitthera; ed. and revised by Bhadanta Rewatadhammatthera. Varanasi: Bauddha Swaødhyaya Satra, 1965.

Atthasaølinì. ed. by P. V. Bapat and R. D. Vadekar. Poona, 1942. (Bhandarkar Oriental series, no. 3)

Dhammasangani. ed. by P. V. Bapat and R. D. Vadekar.Poona, 1940. Bhandarkar Oriental series, no. 2

Milindapanho, Paøli text; ed. by R. D. Vadekar.in Devanagari characters for the first time with various readings and two indexes. Bombay: Bombay University, 1940. (Devanagari-Paøli Texts Series, no. 7) 

 

101.2  SANSKRIT AND MIDDLE INDIC TEXTS

Akanuma Chizen 

Kan Pa Shibu Shi Agon GoshoRoku (The Comparative Catalogue of Chinese Agamas and Pali Nikaøyas). Nagoya: Hajinkaku Shoboâ, 1929.

Yamada Ryuøjoâ  

Bongo Butten No Shobunken: Daijoâ Bukkyoâ Seiritsuron Josetsu, Shiryoâhen [Sanskrit Buddhist literature: materials for a primer on the development of Mahaøyaøna Buddhism]. 1959; reprint ed., Kyoto: Heirakuji Shoten, 1981.  

References Sanskrit editions; Chinese counterparts; major secondary studies in Western languages and Japanese.  

 

101.5  JAPANESE TEXTS 

Omura Seigai, ed.  

Nihon Daizoâkyoââ Bussho Kaidai [Abstract of Buddhist texts in Nihon DaiZoâkyoââ]. Tokyo: Zoâkyoââ Shoin, 1922. 2 vols. 

101.59  KOREAN TEXTS 

Kankoku Bussho Kaidai Jiten  

[Descriptive Dictionary of Korean Buddhist Texts]. Ed. Toâgaku Daigakkoâ Bukkyoâ Bunka Kenkyuujo. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankoâkai, 1982.

Lancaster, Lewis R. and Sung-bae Park.  

The Korean Buddhist Canon: a Descriptive Catalogue. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979.  

The most complete catalogue of the canon. Provides traditional catalogue references to each work listed, with complete information on Sanskrit and Tibetan editions. May be used with the Taishoâ canon by referring to the index of Taishoâ numbers. Reviewed by Victor H. Mair, Journal of the American Oriental Society 103-2 (1983), 468-9.

Tongguk taehakkyo pulgyo munhwa yon’guso, eds.  

Han’guk pulgyo ch’ansul munhon ch’ongnok [A Comprehensive Catalogue of Korean Buddhist Works and Materials]. Seoul: Tongguk Taehakkyo Ch’ulp’anbu, 1976.  

Complete references to classical Korean Buddhist literature, both extant and nonextant, culling from all catalogue references to works by Korean authors. Lists all extant editions.

Yi Usong et al., eds.  

Koryo taejanggyong, vol. 48: chongmongnok, haeje, saegin [Catalogue to the Koryo canon with Descriptions and Indexes]. Seoul: Tongguk University, 1976.  

Koâryoâ Dai Zoâkyoââ Soâmokuroku, Sakuin, Kaidai (Nihongo-yaku). Kyoto: Doohoâsha, 1978. (Japanese translation of the above)  

101.7  TIBETAN & INDO-SYTH TEXTS

Bailey, H. W. (ed.) 

Khotanese Texts, vol. V. Cambridge: Oxford UP, 1963.

Thomas, F. W.  

Tibetan Literary texts and documents concerning Chinese Turkestan. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1935-1955. (Oriental translation fund) 

Part I : Literary. 1935; Part II : Documents. 1951; Part III : Addenda and corrigenda,with Tibetan vocabulary concordance of document numbers and plates, 1955. 

102 HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF BUDDHIST TEXTS

SANSKRIT TEXTS

AØrya Suøra. 

Jaøtakamala; ed. by P. L. Vaidya. Darbhange: The Mithila Institute of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Sanskrit Learning, 1959. (Buddhist Sanskrit texts no. 21)

AØrya Sura. 

The Jaøtakamala; ed. by J. Lanman. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1943. (Harvard Oriental Series, vol. 1)

Vaidya, P. L. (ed.). 

Avadaøna-Sataka. Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1958. (Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, no. 19)

Vaidya,P. L. (ed.) 

Divyaøvaødaøna. Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1959. (Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, no. 20)

Ksemendra. 

Avadaøna-Kalpalataø. Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1959. 2 vols. (Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, no. 22)

Asvaghosa. 

Buddhacaritam Canto III. Bangalore: Sanskritam Sahitya Sadana, 1950.

Conze, Edward 

Thirty Years of Buddhist Studies. Oxford: Cassirer, 1967.  

A collection of articles. The first, "Recent Progress in Buddhist Studies," first published in 1959-1960, summarizes the state of scholarship on the Buddhist scriptures at that time.

Conze, Edward 

L'Inde Classique, Nos. 1940-2169.  

The best scholarly piece on Buddhist literature.

Lancaster, Lewis 

"Buddhist Literature: Its Canon, Scribes and Editors" in The Critical Study of Sacred Texts, ed. Wendy D. O'Flaherty. Berkeley: Berkeley Religious Studies Series, 1979, pp. 215-29.

Lamotte  

History, pp. 124-191.

Law, Bimala Chum

A History of Pali Literature (2 vols.). London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. 1933.

Norman, K. R.  

Pali Literature, including the Canonical Literature in Prakrit and Sanskrit of All Hinayana Schools of Buddhism. Weisbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1983.

O'Flaherty, Wendy D., ed.  

The Critical Study of Sacred Texts. Berkeley: Berkeley Religious Studies Series, 1979.

Winternitz, Moriz 

A History of Indian Literature. Tr. by S. Ketkar. Volume 2: Buddhist and Jaina Leterature. Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1927. Dehli: Motilal Banarsidass, 1978.

Golkuldas, De. 

Significance and importance of Jatakas, with special reference to Bharhut. Calcutta: Calcutta University, 1951.

Mayeda Egaku 

A History of the formation of original Buddhist texts. Tokyo: Sankibo-Busshorin Pub., 1964.

Nariman, Gushtaspshah Kaikhushro 

Literary history of Sanskrit Buddhism from Winternitz, Sylvain-Levi, Huber. Bombay: Tabaporevala, 1920.

Efforts to date the formation of the canon, or to determine which parts of the canon are older than others, are usually based more on the authors' subjective notions of how Buddhism "probably" developed than on any objective criteria. Two interesting but failed efforts to date the Canon based on objective criteria are included in: 

Schopen, Gregory 

"Deaths, Funerals, and the Division of Property in a Monastic Code," in Lopez, Buddhism in Practice: 473-487.

Warder, A. K.  

Pali Metre. London: Pali Text Society, 1967.  

This book is a must-read for anyone who attempts a serious study of Pali poetry, but is generally too technical for the beginning student. 

104 BUDDHIST TEXTS STUDIES

Akunuma Chizen 

The Comparative catalogue of Chinese Aganas and Pali Nikayas. Tokyo: Hajinkaku-Shobo, 1958.

Batuknath Pandit Sharma Ed. 

Paøli Jatakavali., Sanskrit-chaya, Hindi translation; a synopsis of grammar and a full Pali glossary. Vaharasi: Khelarilal, n.d.

Brough, John, ed.  

The Gandhari Dharmapada. London: Oxford University Press, 1962. Unfortunately, Brough does not give translations from the Gandhari. To counteract the then-prevalent view that the Pali Canon was the only reliable source on early Buddhism, Brough felt the need to be fairly intemperate in his attacks on it.

De, Golkuldas. 

Significance and importance of Jatakas, with special reference to Bharhut. Calcutta: Calcutta University, 1951.

Dines Anderson Ed. 

Sutta-Nipaøta.. London: Oxford University Press, 1948. 

(Paøli Text Society)

Mayeda Egaku 

A History of the formation of original Buddhist texts. Tokyo: Sankibo-Busshorin Pub., 1964.

N. K Ed. 

Therìgaøthaø: Pourings in verse of the Buddhist Bhikkhunis.. Bhagawat.Bombay: Bombay University, 1956. (Devanagari-Pali Texts series, no. 4)

N. K. Ed  

Theragaøthaø: Pourings in verse of the Buddhist Bhikkhus.  

Bhagawat. Bombay: Bombay University, 1939. (Devanagari-Pali Texts series, no. 6)

Nariman, Gushtaspshah Kaikhushro 

Literary history of Sanskrit Buddhism from Winternitz, Sylvain-Levi, Huber. Bombay: Tabaporevala, 1920.

Raøhula Saømkrtyaøna 

Dhammapadam. Buddha Vihaøra. n.d.

Thich Minh Chau 

Milindapanha and Nagasenabhiksusutra: a comparative study through Pali and Chinese sources. Calcutta: Mukhopadhyay, 1964.

Thích Minh Chau  

The Chinese Madhyama Agama and the Pali Majjhima Nikaya. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1968. 

110 PALI CANON

Pali Tipika: 

Burmese. 21 Vols. 

Cambodian. 77 Vols. 

Dhammagiri Pali Ganthamala. 76 Vols. 

English. Pali Text Soceity. 37 Vols. 

Japanese. 63 Vols. 

Nalanda-Devannagari-Pali Series. 41 Vols. 

Thai. 45 Vols. 

Thai-Pali. 80 Vols. 

Dìgha-nikaøya. Dialogues of the Buddha. T.W. Rhys Davids and Mrs. Rhys Davids trans. 1899-1921. ( SBB.2-4.)

Majjhima-nikaøya Dialogues. Further of the Buddha. Lord Chalmers trans. 1926-7. ( SBB. 5,6.)

Samyutta-nikaøya. The Book of the Kindred Sayings. Mrs. Rhys Davids and F. L. Woodward trans. 1918-30. ( PTS. Transl. Series, 7, 10, etc.)

Angguttara-nikaøya. The Book of the Gradual Sayings. F. L. Woodward trans. 1932 ff. ( PTS. Transl. Series, 22, 24, etc.)

Khuddakapaøtha. Childers, JRAS. trans., 1870. 309ff., and also by Mrs. Rhys Davids in the next.

Dhammapada: Verses on Dhamma. and

Khuddha-paøtha: the text of the Minor Sayings. Re-edited and Mrs. Rhys Davids trans. 1931. ( SBB.7.)

The Dhammapada, tr. from Pali by F. Max Muller. Oxford, 1898. (SBE. 10.)

Buddhist Legends, tr. from the Dhammapada commentary by E. W. Burlingame. Cambridge, Mass., 1921

The Udaøna. D.M. Strong trans. 1902

The Itivuttaka, tr. with an introduction and notes by J. II. More. New York, 1908.

The Sutta-nipaøta. V. Fausboll trans. Oxford: 1898. ( SBE. 10.)

Thera-gaøtha. Psamls of the Brethren, tr. by Mrs. Rhys Davids. 1913. and

Theri-gatha. Psamls of the Sisters, by the same, 1909. ( PTS. Transl. Series, 4,1.)

The Jaøtaka, with its commentary, edited by V. Fausboll, 1877-97. (Tr. under the editorship of E. B. Cowell, Cambridge, 1895-1913. The introduction, Nidaøna- kathaø, tr. by Mrs. Rhys Davids in Buddhist birth stories, 1800, new ed. by Mrs. Rhys Davids, 1925.) 

Abhidhamma works have been translated:

A Buddhist manual of psychological ethics, being a translation of the first book in the Abhidhamma Pitaka entitle Dhamma-sangani. with introductory essay and notes by C. A F. Rhys Davids, 1900.

Atthasaølinì, The Expositor. P. M. Tin and Mrs. Rhys Davids trans.1920-1. (PTS. Transl. Series, 8, 9.)

Puggala-pannatti, designation of human types. B. C. Law trans. 1924.

Points of Controversy, being a translation of the Kathaø-vatthu, S. Z. Aung and Mrs. Rhys Davids trans. 1915. ( PTS. Transl. Series, 5.) 

Carter, John Ross and Malinda Palihawadana, trans.  

The Dhammapada. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.  

Contains extensive material from the commentaries and alternative versions of the Dhammapada preserved by other schools.

Digha Nikaya and related Pali literature. 11 vols. 

entitled as: vol. 1 Silakkhandhavaggapali; vol. 2 Mahavaggapali; vol. 3 Pathikavaggapali; vol. 4 Silakkhandhavagga-atthakatha; vol. 5 Mahavagga-atthaka; vol. 6 Pathikavagga- atthakatha; vol. 7 Silakkhandhavagga- Tika; vol. 8 Mahavagga-Tika; vol. 9 Pathikavagga-Tika; vol. 10 Silakkhandhavagga-Abhinavatika (I); vol. 11 Silakkhandha-Abhinavatika (ii). Maharashatra, 1993.

Norman, K. R. 

The Word of the Doctrine. Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1997. (The new PTS translation of the Dhammapada). 

It takes the principle of literalness to ludicrous extremes.

Ireland, John D., trans.  

The Itivuttaka: The Buddha's Sayings. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1991.

Ireland, John D., trans. 

The Udana: Inspired Utterances of the Buddha. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, 1990.

Nõanamoli and Bodhi, trans.  

The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1995.  

The best translation of an entire nikaya.

Norman, K. R., trans.  

The Elders' Verses I: Theragatha. London: Pali Text Society, 1969.

Norman, K. R., trans. 

The Elders' Verses II: Therigatha. Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1971.  

Both this translation and the preceding one are so literal as to lose the poetic flavor of the original, but no reliable alternative translations are available.

Norman, K. R., trans. 

The Rhinoceros Horn and Other Early Buddhist Poems (Sutta Nipata) London: Pali Text Society, 1985.  

Again, extremely literal, but there are no other reliable (and plenty of unreliable) translations available.

Schelling, Andrew and Anne Waldman  

Songs of Sons and Daughters of Buddha. Boston: Shambala, 1996.  

Even though the verses are billed as "courageous translations," they are little more than free riffs that capture neither the words nor the spirit of the old text. The Therigatha is especially noteworthy as it is the oldest record of women's religious experience in the world.

Walshe, Maurice O'Connor, trans.  

The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1996.  

Fairly loose in spots, but very readable.

The only complete English translations of the Samyutta and Anguttara Nikayas (from the Pali Text Society) are unreliable. The Buddhist Publication Society offers useful anthologies:

Ireland, John, et. al., trans.  

Samyutta Nikaya: An Anthology.

Nyanaponika, Thera, trans.  

Anguttara Nikaya: An Anthology. 

110.1    NIKAYA-AGAMA. 

Nanden Dai Zoâkyoââ soâsakuin 

[Comprehensive Index to the Pali Canon]. Ed. Mizuno Koâgen. Tokyo: Nihon Gakujutsu Shinkoâkai, 1959-1960. 3 vols.

Dìrgha Nikaøya 

The Collection of the Dialogue of the Buddha; tr. by Rhys-Davids from the Pali. Ed. by T. W. Rhys-Davids and J. E. Carpenter. London: Luzac, 1956. 3 vols.

Majjhima Nikaøya 

The Collection of the Middle Length Sayings. London. Vol. 1: The First fifty discourses (Mulapannasa).

Dìrgha Nikaøya 

The Collection of the Dialogue of the Buddha; tr. by Rhys-Davids from the Pali. Ed. by T. W. Rhys-Davids and J. E. Carpenter. London: Luzac, 1956. 3 vols.

Majjhima Nikaøya 

The Collection of the Middle Length Sayings. London. Vol. 1: The First fifty discourses (Mulapannasa). 

120.2   PRAJNAØPARAØMITAØ

Astasaøharsrikaø Prajnaøparaømitaø; with Haribhadra's commentary called AØloka. Vaidya, ed. by P. L. Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1960. (Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, no. - ).

Pancavimsatisaøhasrikaø Prajnaøparaømitaø; ed. by Nalinaksha Dutt, with critical notes and introd. London: Luzac, 1934.

Suvikraøntavikraømi-pariprcchaø prajnaøpaøramitaø-suøtra. ed. by Hikata Ryuøshoø. Fukuoka: Kyushu University, 1958. 

120.3   SADDHARMAPUNDARIKA

Saddharmapundarikasuøtra. ed. by Nalinaksha Dutt. Calcutta: Bibliotheca Indica, 1953.

Saddharmapundarìkasuøtra. ed. by P. L.Vaidya. Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1960. Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, no. 6. 

120.4  GANDHAVYUØHA.

Gandhavyuøhasuøtra. ed. by P. L. Vaidya. Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1960. (Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, no. 5.) 

140 CHINESE CANON

Bukkyoâ Taikei  

[Buddhist Systems]. Tokyo: 1917-1938. 63 vols.

Ch’ien Lung ta tsang ching  

[Caøn Long Ñaïi taïng kinh. Ñaïi Thanh Tam taïng thaùnh giaùo].Ñaïi Thanh Huøng Chaùnh thaäp tam nieân. Long taïng nguyeân baûn. Caøn Long baûn Ñaïi taïng kinh khaùn aán xöù. 168 saùch.

Chung - hua Ta tsang ching. 100 volumes

Dai Nihon Koâtei Shukusatsu Dai Zoâkyoââ.  

[The Tokyo "small-print" edition of the canon]. Ed. Fukuda Gyoâkai, Shimada Bankon, and Shikikawa Seiichi. Tokyo: Koâkyoâ Shoin, 1880-1885. 418 vols. Total fascicles: 8,534.  

Includes the complete collection (10 vols.) of yin-i, traditional Chinese glossaries of Sanskrit terms transliterated into Chinese.

Dai Nihon Koâtei Zoâkyoââ 

The Kyoto revised version of the canon, known as the Manji edition. Kyoto: Zookyoo Shoin, 1902-05. 347 vols.

Dai Nihon Zoku Zoâkyoââ  

The Kyoto supplement to the canon. Kyoto: Zookyoo Shoin, 1905-1912. 750 vols. in 150 cases.

Fo-kuang Ta tsang ching. Kao-hsiung: Fo-kuang shan, 1990. 4 vols.

Saiiki Bunka Kenkyuøkai, eds.  

Tonkoâ Bukkyoâ Shiryoâ [Materials on Tun-huang Buddhism]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1958.

Sung Chi-sha-pan Ta tsang-ching  

[Chi-sha edition of the Sung canon]. Ed. Sung-pan tsang-ching-hui ying-yin. Shang-hai: Sung-pan tsang-ching-hui, 1936. 591 vols. Reprint of much of the Chi-sha Yen-sheng-yuan edition of the canon (completed ca. 1322), rediscovered in 1931.

Sung-tsang i-chen  

[Rarities from the Sung Canon]. Ed. Shang-hai ying-yin Sung-pan tsang-ching-hui. Shang-hai: Ying-yin Sung-pan tsang-ching hui, 1935. 45 vols.

Sung-pan tsang-ching-hui ying-yin Ed. 

Sung Chi-sha-pan Ta tsang-ching [Chi-sha edition of the Sung canon]. 591 vols. Shang-hai: Sung-pan tsang-ching-hui, 1936.  

Reprint of much of the Chi-sha Yen-sheng-yüan edition of the canon (completed ca. 1322), which was rediscovered in 1931. Incomplete sections were filled in with passages taken from later editions of the canon.

Shang-hai ying-yin Sung-pan tsang-ching-hui Ed. 

Sung-tsang i-chen [Rarities from the Sung Canon]. 45 vols. Shang-hai: Ying-yin Sung-pan tsang-ching hui, 1935. Reprint of selected works from the Chin-dynasty edition of the canon (completed ca. 1173), which was rediscovered in 1933.  

Consists of works not found in the Sung Chi-sha-pan Ta tsang-ching, a few of which exist no where else.

Taishoâ Shinshuø Dai Zoâkyoââ.  

Ñaïi chaùnh taân tu Ñaïi taïng kinh. Ed. Takakusu Junjiroâ, Watanabe Kaikyoku et al. Tokyo: Taishoâ Issaikyoâ Kankookai, 1924-1935. 100 vols.

Taishoâ Shinshuø Dai Zoâkyoââ Sakuin. 

[Indexes to the Taishoâ canon]. Tokyo: Daizoâ Shuppan, 1926-1985. 50 vols.

Tun-huang Ta tsang-ching. Taipei: Ch'ien-ching Ch'u-pan-she, 1989. 64 vols. Photolithographic reprints of Buddhist manuscripts from Tun-huang.

Wan cheng tsang-ching. Taipei, 1965. 70 vols. Total fascicles: 7,082.  

150 JAPANESE CANON 

Kokuyaku daizoâkyoâ [Japanese translation of the canon]. 31 vols. Tokyo: Kokumin Bunko Kankoâkai, 1927-1928. Japanese yomi-kudashi of 59 key texts, all Chinese translations of Indic originals, with introductions and vocabulary notes. Quality is generally goâd.

Kokuyaku issaikyoâ: Indo senjutsubu [Japanese translations of the Scriptures: Works composed in India]. 156 vols. Tokyo: Daitoâ Shuppan, 1926-1936. Japanese yomi-kudashi of 355 texts (3,300 fascicles) of Chinese translations of Indic Buddhist scriptures, with introductions and vocabulary notes.

Kokuyaku issaikyoâ: Wa-Kan senjutsubu [Japanese translations of the Scriptures: Works composed in China & Japan]. 66 vols. Tokyo: Daitoâ Shuppan, 1936-1945.

Nanden dai zoâkyoâ [Japanese translations of Paali Buddhist scriptures, including several non-canonical works]. 70 vols. Tokyo, 1935-1945.

Shoâwa shinsan kokuyaku daizoâkyoâ [Japanese translation of the canon, newly compiled during the Shoâwa era]. 48 vols. Tokyo: Toâhoâ Shoin, 1928-1932. Japanese yomi-kudashi of key texts of Indic, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese origin.

Butten koâza [Lecture Class on Buddhist Texts]. 42 vols. Tokyo: Daizoâ Shuppan, 1971-1992- Japanese yomi-kudashi and translation into modern Japanese, with vocabulary notes, of key texts of Indic and Chinese origin. Although a few volumes stand out, the general quality does not approach that of the best pre-war "koâgi"-(lecture)-type studies.

Takakusu Junjiroâ, Watanabe Kaikyoku al. Ed.

Taishoâ shinshuø dai zoâkyoâ [Revised version of the canon, compiled during the Taishoâ era]. 100 vols. Tokyo: Taishoâ Issaikyoâ Kankoâkai, 1924-1932[-1935]. Total fascicles: 11,970.  

The standard edition for scholarship in all areas of East Asian Buddhism. References to Buddhist texts always should include a Taishoâ number, where available. Vols. 1-55 are the main canon; vols. 56-84 (produced between 1929-1932) added Japanese works on Buddhism; vol. 85 reprinted newly discovered texts from Tun-huang and indigenous Chinese scriptures; vols. 86-97 (1932-1935), catalogues of iconography; vols. 98-100 (1932-1935), bibliography.  

The first edition of the canon edited in consultation with old Japanese manuscript editions of the scripture (some of which date to the 8th century), the main section of the Taishoâ consists largely of verbatim reprints of the second Kory~o edition of the canon. Texts missing from the Kory~o edition were added from other Chinese canons. While the annotation provides alternate readings from other xylographic canons, this is not a true critical edition. The punctuation is frequently wrong -- do not hesitate to try a different reading.

Taishoâ shinshuø dai zoâkyoâ sakuin [Indexes to the Taishoâ canon]. 50 vols. (India section, 20 vols.; China section, 14 vols.; Japan section, 16 vols.) Tokyo: Daizoâ Shuppan, 1926-1985. Rpt. of India and China sections, 31 vols.: Hsin-wen-feng, n.d.  

An indispensable reference toâl for tracing terms, texts, and proper nouns through the canon.

Fukuda Gyoâkai, Shimada Bankon, and Shikikawa Seiichi Ed. 

Dai Nihon koâtei shukusatsu dai zoâkyoâ [The Tokyo "small-print" edition of the canon]. 418 vols. Tokyo: Koâkyoâ Shoin, 1880-1885. Total fascicles: 8,534.  

Based on the second Kory~o edition of the canon, the shukusatsu version is generally recognized as the most accurate modern edition available. Although one must provide citations to the Taishoâ edition as a standard operating procedure, whenever possible one should also consult this edition. A few texts are found only in this edition, most notably, the most complete collection (10 vols.) of yin-i (Jpn. ongi; i.e., traditional Chinese glossaries of Sanskrit terms transliterated into Chinese).

Manji Ed. 

Dai Nihon koâtei zoâkyoâ 347 vols. Kyoto: Zoâkyoâ Shoin, 1902-05. Rpt. ed.: Hsiang-kang ying-yin Hsü-tsang-ching wei-yüan-hui, eds. Wan cheng tsang-ching. Taipei, 1965. 70 vols. Total fascicles: 7,082.  

Only edition of the canon with kundoku readings (of uncertain reliability). Now largely ignored except for a few texts found only in this edition (such as the sayings of Chung-feng Ming-pen). Chinese works not found herein formed the basis for the following supplement:

Dai Nihon zoku zoâkyoâ [The Kyoto supplement to the canon]. 750 vols. in 150 cases. Kyoto: Zoâkyoâ Shoin, 1905-1912. Rpt.: Hsiang-kang ying-yin Hsu-tsang-ching wei-yuan-hui, eds. Hsü-tsang ching [Supplement to the canon (listed in ORION under Wan hsü tsang)]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Buddhist Association, 1967. 150 vols.  

The standard reference for Chinese texts (largely by post-T'ang, Chinese authors) not included in the traditional versions of the canon. Major source for indigenous Chinese Buddhist literature (especially scriptural commentaries, litergies, and records of the Ch'an schoâl). The number of inaccuracies in this edition exceeds even that of the Taishoâ. A revised edition (shinsan) in 100 vols. was published in Japan in 1975.

Saiiki bunka kenkyuøkai, eds.  

Tonkoâ Bukkyoâ shiryoâ [Materials on Tun-huang Buddhism]. Kyoto: Hoâzoâkan, 1958.

Butten Koâza  

[Lecture Class on Buddhist Texts]. Tokyo: Daizoo Shuppan, 1971-1992. 42 vols.  

Japanese yomi-kudashi and translation into modern Japanese, with vocabulary notes, of key texts of Indic and Chinese origin. Although a few volumes stand out, the general quality does not approach that of the best pre-war “koâgi”-(lecture)-type studies.

Dai Nihon Bukkyoâ Zensho  

[Complete Buddhist Works of Japan]. Tokyo: Bussho Kankookai, 1912-1922. 150 vols. Use the revised edition: Ed. Suzuki Gakujutsu Zaidan. 100 vols. Tokyo: Koodansha, 1970-1973.  

In addition to being the most important source for works related to Japanese Buddhism, this collection also contains much that is of use to students of China: catalogues of scriptures, pilgrimage diaries, commentaries on Chinese texts, indexes to Chinese Buddhist histories, etc. Vols. 98-100 of the revised edition contain useful textual studies and indexes by post-war Japanese scholars.

Hua-tsang ching  

[Hoøa taïng kinh, also known as Wan hua tsang, Vaïn hoøa taïng)]. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Buddhist Association, 1967. 150 vols.

Kokuyaku Dai Zoâkyoââ  

[Japanese translation of the canon]. 31 vols. Tokyo: Kokumin Bunko Kankoâkai, 1927-1928. Japanese yomi-kudashi of 59 key texts, all Chinese translations of Indic originals, with introductions and vocabulary notes. Quality is generally good.

Kokuyaku Issaikyoâ: Indo Senjutsubu  

[Japanese translations of the Scriptures: Works composed in India]. Tokyo: DaiToâ Shuppan, 1926-1936. 156 vols.  

Japanese yomi-kudashi of 355 texts (3,300 fascicles) of Chinese translations of Indic Buddhist scriptures, with introductions and vocabulary notes.

Kokuyaku Issaikyoâ: Wa-Kan Senjutsubu  

[Japanese translations of the Scriptures: Works composed in China & Japan]. Tokyo: DaiToâ Shuppan, 1936-1945. 66 vols.

Nanden Dai Zoâkyoââ  

[Japanese translations of Paøli Buddhist scriptures, including several non-canonical works]. Tokyo, 1935-1945. 70 vols.

Nihon Dai Zoâkyoââ  

[Japanese Buddhist Canon]. Ed. Naka Takkei et al. Tokyo: Nihon Daizookyoo Hensankai, 1914-1919. 51 vols.  

A collection of the major doctrinal texts of India and China with commentaries (mainly by Japanese monks) arranged in parallel columns. A few of the commentaries found herein are not available elsewhere.

Shoâwa shinsan kokuyaku Dai Zoâkyoââ  

[Japanese translation of the canon, newly compiled during the Shoâwa era].Tokyo: Toâhoâ Shoin, 1928-1932. 48 vols. Japanese yomi-kudashi of key texts of Indic, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese origin.

Shoâwa hoâboâ mokuroku (Taishoâ shinshuø dai zoâkyoâ bekkan). 3 vols. Tokyo: Taishoâ Issaikyoâ Kankoâkai, 1929-1934. .Reprints all extant catalogues for every collection of scriptures and edition of the canon known to Japanese scholars ca. 1930. 

 

160   OTHER CANONS OF MAHAYANA COUNTRIES

Gilgit Manuscripts: Samaødhiraøja-suøtra. ed. by Nalinaksha Dutt. Kashmir: Srinagar, 1941. 3 vols.

Samaødhiraøjasuøtra. ed. by P. L. Vaidya. Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1961. (Buddhist Sanskrit Textx, no. 2)

Raøstrapaølapariprcchaø; suøtra du Mahaøyaøna. ed. by L. Finot. Indo-Iranian reprints. S-Gravenhage: Mouton, 1957.

Lankaøvartaøra suøtra. ed. by Nanjio Bunyiu. Kyoto: Otani University Press, 1956. (Bibliotheca Otaniensis, vol. I)

Vaidya, P. L.  

Lalita-Vistara. ed. by P. L. Vaidya.Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1958. (Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, no. 1)

Mahaøyaøna-suøtra-samgraha, part I. ed. by P. L. Vaidya. Darbhanga: MIPSRSL, 1961. (Buddhist Sanskrit Textx, no. 17).

Asvaghosa  

Saudarananda; ed. by Mahamahopadhyaya Haraprasad Shastri with addendum by Chintaharan Chakravarti. Calcutta, 1939. )Bibliotheca Indica)

Dharmakirti 

The Pramaønavaørttikam; the First chapter with he auto-commentary, text and critical notes. Roma: Instituto Italiano per Il Medio Ed Estremo Oriente, 1960.

Naøgaørjuna. 

Mahaøyaønavimsaka; reconstructed Sanskrit Text, Tibetan and Chinese versions with n English translation, ed. by Vidhusekhara Bhattacharya. Calcutta: Visvabharati, 1931.

Sthiramati. 

Maødhyaøntavibhaøgasuøtra-bhaøsya-tìka; being a sub-commentary on Vasubandhu's Bhaøsya on the Maødhyaøntavibhaga-suøtra of Maitreyanaøtha. Ed. by V. Bhattacharya and G.Tucci. Calcutta, 1932. Calcutta Oriental series, no. 1932. 

 

180 WESTERN LANGUAGES CANON 

181.1  WESTERN LANGUAGES CANON - PALI 

Conze, Edward, ed.  

Buddhist Texts through the Ages. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1964.  

Collection of texts, including translation of Pali excerpts by I. B. Horner, of Mahayana texts by Edward Conze, of Buddhist Tantra by David Snellgrove, and of Chinese and Japanese texts by Arthur Waley. Excellent translations, but somewhat difficult to use due to lack of continuity and introductory materials.

Horner, I. B. 

The Living Thoughts of Gotama the Buddha. London: Cassell, 1948.  

Good anthology from Pali sources. Miss Horner has also written a succinct summary of Theravada Buddhism, "Buddhism: the Theravada," in R. C. Zaehner, ed., The Concise Encyclopedia of Living Faiths, pp. 267-295 (Boston, Beacon Press, 1967). In the same source, Edward Conze summarizes Mahayana, pp. 296-320; and Richard H. Robinson describes Buddhism in China and Japan, pp. 321-347.

Warren, Henry Clarke 

Buddhism in Translations. New York: Atheneum, 1963.  

Judicious, comprehensive selections from Pali texts in graceful but dated translations. 

181.2  TRANSLATIONS FROM SANSKRIT

Burnouf, Eugene 

Le Lotus de la Bonne Loi. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1852.

Kern, Jan Hendrik 

The Lotus of the True Law. Oxford: Clarendon, 1884. 

181.4  TRANSLATIONS FROM CHINESE

Bunno Kato et al. trans. 

The Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law. Tokyo: Rissho Kosei-kai, 1971.

Bunno Kato et al. trans. 

The Threefold Lotus Sutra. New York: Weatherhill, 1975.

Chu Ch'an.  

The Sutra of 42 Sections and two other scriptures of the Mahayana School. London: The Buddhist Society,1949.

Han Shan 

The Surangama Sutra.( Leng Yen Ching) Charles Luk trans. London: Rider,1966.

Heng Yen et al. 

The Dharma Flower Sutra. San Francisco: Buddhist Text Translation Soceity, 1977 vols. 1-2; 1979 vols. 3-5; 1980 vols. 6-8; 1981 vol. 9; 1982 vol. 10.

Hurvitz, Leon trans. 

Scripture of the Lotus Blossom of the Fine Dharma (The Lotus Sutra). New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.

Kosho Yamamoto trans. 

The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana-Sutra.Tokyo: The Karinbunko,1973.

Kubo Tsugunari and Yuyama Akira trans. 

The Lotus Sutra. [BDK English Tripitaka 13-I]. California: Numata Center, 1993.

Senchu Murano 

The Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law. Tokyo: Nichiren Shu Headquarters, 1974.